Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-07-06"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 5485

A Relação com o Saber de diretores: situações de conflitos e violências escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-06)
Morito, Jéssica Veloso
;
Luiz, Maria Cecília
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-2753
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4297187055755733
The discussion on violence in the school environment focuses on understanding what the cycles of violence(s) are, in such a way that it provides a welcoming space in the consolidation of welcoming so that the school body, first of all, wants to be in that place to that afterwards, seek a quality education for their students. From this premise, the objective of this research is to analyze the principals' knowledge in relation to school violence. For this, the speeches of school directors were analyzed - through the transcription of the recordings of the meetings by Google Meet - from 10 Brazilian states, who made up a group of professionals who participated in the training course in mentoring directors carried out in partnership between the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and the Secretariat of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education (SEB/MEC). Complementarily, the research problem is how do principals deal with violence at school? The theoretical foundation is punctuated in the knowledge of the school directors in the perspective of the theory of the Relation with Knowledge (RcS) of Bernard Charlot (2000). The methodology used was qualitative research with an exploratory approach, based on the analysis of the sayings and reflective activities carried out by these directors, with a clipping of one of the thematic rooms of the course called “Social and school violence: the challenge of everyday relationships”. It was concluded that there was an ease in recognizing spaces with situations of explicit violences, however, at the same time, there was a difficulty, on the part of the researched directors, in identifying moments of protagonism in these same areas. Future studies are indicated in order to follow more closely the panorama of violence in the new social configurations that enter the walls of schools and the practices of these directors in different regions of Brazil, mainly due to the diversity of Brazilian schools.
Relações entre a Resolução de Problemas, Educação Financeira e Matemática Financeira: uma revisão sistemática em pesquisas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-06)
Iassuoka, Daniela Alessandra del Nero
;
Oliveira, Paulo César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-904X
This research aims to establish relationships between Problem Solving, Financial Mathematics and Financial Education. To fulfill this purpose, we chose to use two databases, the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - CAPES and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations - BDTD, at the level of theses and dissertations, in the form of a qualitative bibliographic research. In a complementary way, we analyzed curricular documents considered as documentary sources. The research was guided by the following research question: what relationships are established between the thematic axes of Problem Solving, Financial Education and Financial Mathematics in school contexts of Basic Education? As a result of the research, both in documentary sources and in master's dissertations, we found inconsistencies in the conceptions and conceptualizations involving the thematic axes in question.
Bayesian spatial process models for activation patterns in transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-07)
Egbon, Osafu Augustine
;
Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7815-9554
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2219433204226509
In recent years, Spatial statistical models have been gaining rapid attention for solving problems in biological systems due to the improvement in spatial data collection. It has proven extremely important in unveiling spatial patterns and predicting biological processes. This project developed novel parametric and nonparametric Bayesian spatial statistical models to analyze data generated by the muscular responses elicited by Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses induced on the motor cortex of a patient. The goal is to unveil new insights into patients' response patterns important for achieving successful TMS therapy sessions. The first contribution of this project is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing Bayesian spatial models that could be considered for analyzing TMS datasets. The second contribution is the development of a user-friendly interface for performing Bayesian spatial modeling for analyzing TMS datasets based on state-of-the-art methods. The interface was documented in an R package, which is publicly available. The third contribution proposed novel spatial statistical models for integrating geostatistical datasets in the form of prior elicitation in a Bayesian analysis. The models were validated using simulation studies, and findings show that naively integrating geostatistical TMS datasets without ensuring the consistency of the data is detrimental to the desired inferences. The final contribution proposed a Bayesian nonparametric spatial model that leads to a non-stationary and non-Gaussian spatial process for the joint modeling of geostatistical TMS datasets. The method used a mixture of Dependent Dirichlet processes to share information across sub-spatial models. Two simulation studies were used to validate the model performance, and the result showed superior performance compared with independent and exchangeable models. The main finding of this work is that the primary motor cortex within the motor cortex region of the brain is responsible for the largest activation in the movement of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. The finding also showed that the corticospinal excitability decreases with multiple TMS pulses on the motor cortex; however, it begins to regain its excitability strength after several stimulations. The findings from this project could guide TMS practitioners to improve patients' treatment experiences.
Uma proposta de sequência de jogos de química para estudantes com transtorno do espectro autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-07)
Godoy, Tatiane Bianquini de
;
Veraszto, Estéfano Vizconde
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6253673132956358
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-4803
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0231153421288675
Games in chemistry teaching are important tools that can contribute to the teaching-learning processes due to their ability to stimulate the development of cognitive and creative aspects and also to enable the construction of knowledge in a more pleasurable way. The ludic can make teaching more meaningful both for students who are the target of special education (such as those with autism spectrum disorder, known by the acronym TEA), and for any other, helping in the teaching-learning process. Games provide a more pleasant and interesting way of learning, since playing is an essential activity for the development of the individual, as the lack of motivation combined with the difficulty that some disciplines bring, end up labeling the subject as chemistry and that is the main cause of students' disinterest. Thus, this exploratory research lists important points for the development of games in chemistry teaching for students with ASD. Based on information constituted by a bibliographical survey and systematized by Content Analysis techniques, this work observed two points: the need to discuss the role of games as a teaching and learning methodology and the lack of games in teaching chemistry for education. especially in observation for autism. Based on the constituted information, the result was the development of a sequence of five games for the 1st year of high school entitled: " Bingo of Periodic Table (bingo game), "Find the Electronic Distribution" (memory game), “Ionic-Covalent Chemical Bonds” (board game) and, finally, “Pig of Acids and Bases” (card game). The games were submitted for evaluation by specialists in the area of exact sciences and special education. With the analysis, it was possible to notice that in all the games there were doubts about its application for the target audience, which are the autistic people, showing that it may be necessary for the games to be performed in pairs and that they have the mediation of the teacher. Its development demands a more in-depth study, as the autistic public needs specific tools, not to mention that each degree of the spectrum has a different conception. The development of games for this audience, however challenging it may be, is necessary. From this, a deeper study of the degrees of autism is necessary, culminating, thus, in the creation of specific criteria for each degree in the elaboration of the games.
Estudo fisiológico de Chlorella sorokiniana e Chlorolobion lunulatum sob diferentes condições de cultivos em escala laboratorial e ampliada (200 L)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-07)
Faria, Leonardo de
;
Lombardi, Ana Teresa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8941444661144477
The cultivation of microalgae is growing worldwide and has gained relevance in recent years. On a larger scale, such cultivation is costly and, to make it feasible, finding effective strategies to increase biomolecules and biomass in the production system can be a solution. The microalgae chosen for this study were Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorolobion lunulatum, two Chlorophyta species that support semi-controlled environmental conditions. This study was divided into 3 chapters, starting with laboratory experiments, and ending with culture scale expansion to 200 L. On Chapter one we focused on a low-cost nutrient medium for biomass production. Chapter 2 reports on a biochemical manipulation procedure to increase biomolecules in the biomass through exposure of the Chlorophyta to NaCl and, chapter 3 focused on 200 L cultures of C. lunulatum in a green house, under semi-controlled conditions. For the 200 L culture, the mixotrophic metabolism was considered to overcome some limitations in biomass production. Finally, with the results of the 200 L cultures, a techno-economic study was developed. As the low-cost nutrient medium, a modified hydroponic solution was tested to replace the BG11 synthetic medium. These results showed that despite having reduced costs, the hydroponic solution did not support greater cell density and did not lead to the accumulation of biomolecules compared to the control. The biochemical manipulation with NaCl, concentrations that would not negatively affect the growth rate, but only stimulate the accumulation of biomolecules (2 g L-1 NaCl) were sought. These results showed that C. sorokiniana produced 5 times more total carotenoids (0.59 mg L-1) than C. lunulatum, but C. lunulatum ~2 times more lipids (~30% of dry biomass). However, there was no influence of NaCl on lipid production. Finally, in the 200 L cultivation, which was carried out only with C. lunulatum, the treatment with sodium acetate as a source of organic carbon resulted in a 32% increase in the production of dry biomass (2.7 g L-1) compared to the control. Although the addition of sodium acetate increased the operating cost by 4.8% and reduced the biomass production cost of by 21% the production system, the amount of biomass produced would still need to be greater for a favorable production cost. This research highlights the potential of the microalgae C. lunulatum for biotechnological applications and the importance of optimizing cultivation conditions to increase the production of biomass and specific biomolecules.
Desgaste e vida de ferramenta no torneamento de uma liga à base de níquel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-10)
Marcasso, Wanderson
;
Antonialli, Armando Ítalo Sette
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4367459395417045
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-0416
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4691506409218670
In the field of metal alloy machining, materials predominantly composed of nickel alloys, with a focus on Inconel 718, present notable challenges, stemming from the interplay of intense cutting forces and extreme temperatures in the cutting zone. This combination triggers accelerated wear on cutting tools. This study proposes a meticulous investigation of standardized turning parameters, using robust and widely recognized criteria to discern their relevance and optimization potential. We centered our analysis on multifaceted wear modes, encompassing flank wear, crater wear, and the emerging formation of built-up edge, during the machining process, using meticulously selected commercial inserts for this purpose. The application of the Taylor model was chosen, an approach revered both in the academic world and in the industrial sector, aiming for a discerning evaluation of the wear of cutting tools and interpreting their intrinsic behavior in machining nickel alloys. The research conclusions revealed eminent findings regarding the correlation between cutting parameters and tool wear, laying solid groundwork for future strategies aimed at extending tool durability and refining the quality of the final machined product.
Efeitos de diferentes tipos de entrevista na acurácia de relato verbal de crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-10)
Faria, Camila de Paula
;
Cortez, Mariéle Diniz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7005118109610359
Studies on verbal and non-verbal correspondence can be considered of great importance since reporting has a determining role in various contexts. This study focused on the forensic context, more specifically, on investigative interviews with children, and replicated the study of Sparling et al. (2011) with the purpose of investigating, from a behavioral perspective, the effects of different types of interviews (suggestive questions, repeated questions, and questions with co-witness information) on children's verbal report accuracy. Four children aged between seven and nine years participated. Children were exposed to a baseline condition, which evaluated the accuracy of the report using in a closed-question interview (“yes” or “no” answers), without the use of any of the interview techniques employed in this study. Children were then exposed to three other conditions, involving different types of interviews (suggestive questions; repeated questions and questions with information from co-witnesses) conducted by a female interviewer. A mixed design of non-concurrent multiple baseline across participants and adapted alternating treatment was employed. The results showed transient effects of interview types and variability among participants. The lowest accuracy rates were observed in P1 for questions with co-witness information; in P2 for suggestive questions and in P3 for repeated questions. P4 participant remained showing high rates of accurate responses in all experimental conditions. In general, these results replicated the findings of Sparling et al. (2011), indicating that the effect of the type of interview may vary for each individual. The need for studies with single subject designs and the possible effects of the online implementation of the procedure were discussed.
Mechanisms involved in cardiovascular and hydroelectrolytic balance changes induced by angiotensin II and central osmoreceptors in rats fed a high-fat diet
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-10)
Sá, Jéssica Matheus de
;
Colombari, Débora Simões de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684467594359403
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4331-0271
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6083416437562380
Obesity is a noncommunicable disease that can lead to hypertension and changes in hydroelectrolytic balance. Dehydration is a common phenomenon that affects both humans and animals. Thus, one of the objectives of the thesis was to investigate the mechanisms involved in cardiovascular and hydroelectrolytic balance changes induced by water deprivation in animals fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Furthermore, the hypothalamic circuits that regulate food intake during obesity are not completely understood. Thus, the second objective was to carry out the anatomical mapping of hypothalamic circuits 'sensitive to angiotensin', since this peptide has been implicated in the regulation of food intake, as well as its implications in the neural control of energy balance in animals fed with HFD. To achieve the first objective, Holtzman rats (initial weight 290-310 g) were fed a standard diet (SD, 10% kcal from fat) or HFD (46% kcal from fat) for 6 weeks and dehydration was induced by water deprivation (WD) for 24 h. We observed the following results: a) In HFD rats, the animals drank less water and the urinary volume and sodium excretion were lower compared to the SD group; b) Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in the HFD group, but the increase in MAP after WD was similar for the both groups; c) The increase in MAP in HFD rats submitted to WD seems to have a greater angiotensinergic component compared to SD rats; d) There were no differences in FOS labeling in vasopressin-immunopositive neurons in the supraoptic nucleus; e) Renal denervation induced an increase in basal urinary volume in SD rats, which was reduced after WD, but still greater than HFD rats. In HFD animals, urinary volume did not change after renal denervation at baseline or during WD. In order to verify the hypothalamic circuits “sensitive to angiotensin II (ANG II)”, we used genetically modified mice, AT1a-Cre (8 weeks old) and we observed the following results: a) in AT1a-Cre mice that received bilaterally adeno-associated viral vectors in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), we observed that the AT1aR containing neurons in the PVN (PVNAT1aR) are neurosecretory that synthesize corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), moreover these neurons send projections to arcuate nucleus (ARC); b) In AT1aR-Cre mice, acute optogenetic activation of PVNAT1aR neurons can promote robust activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the ARC and lead to a slight decrease in food intake without altering energy expenditure. In conclusion, the results demonstrated changes in cardiovascular, water intake and renal excretion in HFD animals 24 hours- water deprived. Cardiovascular changes seem to be associated with a greater renin angiotensin system (RAS) activation in HFD rats during WD. Vasopressin or renal nerves appear not to be involved with the greater decrease in urinary volume in water-deprived HFD-fed rats. Data from the literature suggest that the lower water intake in HFD water-deprived rats is due to the formation of metabolic water in this condition. Furthermore, preliminary data characterized the hypothalamic neurocircuit from the PVN to the ARC showing that PVNAT1aR neurons are neurosecretory and through their projections they can activate POMC anorexinergic neurons. Furthermore, functional data demonstrated a slight decrease in food intake with the optogenetic activation of these neurons, thus corroborating, in parts, with the anatomical data.
Relatividade geral, buracos negros e ondas gravitacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-11)
Malafatti, Vinícius dos Santos
;
Santarelli, Raphael
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3591899759824320
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0107098543825862
In this study, firstly, the basic ideas, concepts and principles of Special Relativity are introduced, to help understand the construction of General Relativity. The second chapter is an introduction to the mathematical formalism of General Relativity, such as the covariant derivative, Riemann tensor and parallel transport. In the next chapter the construction of Einstein's equation using a classical approach is shown. The last two chapters present the first two solutions of Einstein's equation, the first is the Schwarzschild solution, which contains the precession of Mercury's perihelion and the surprising result: the existence of black holes. The last one is a solution given by Einstein, which consists of linearizing his equation using a small disturbance in the metric. This solution shows the existence of gravitational waves in the space-time, how they are produced, how they propagate and how to detect them.
Material particulado atmosférico sedimentável que afeta o desempenho de natação e a taxa metabólica aeróbica da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-11)
De Angelis, Carolina Fernandes
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
Leite, Cléo Alcantara Costa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2946803734091200
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
Comportamento magnético de compósito multiferróico heteroestruturado bifásico de CFO e PZT preparado eletroquimicamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-12)
Costa Júnior, Lázaro José Dalla
;
Gualdi, Alexandre José
;
Pereira, Ernesto Chaves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5751113105751035
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
This work proposed a new synthesis route for biphasic and lamellar composite ceramics of CoFe2O4 (cobalt ferrite) and Pb(Zr0,53;Ti0,47)O3 (lead zirconate titanate). The synthesis of CoFe2O4 films was performed using the electrochemical techniques electrodeposition, anodization and electrophoresis. Two synthesis conditions were tested, differing in applied potentials. The first condition applying 1060 mV resulted in a higher ferrite grain density compared to the second applying 1160 mV. The Pb(Zr0,53;Ti0,47)O3 phase was also solo synthesized. Structural analyzes revealed the formation of ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric phases through X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy showed that, before the synthesis of the ferroelectric phase, cobalt ferrite had needle-shaped grains with dimensions in the micrometer scale, which resulted in a magnetic behavior like that of spin glass in relation to temperature. The magnetic characterization as a function of the magnetic field applied at different temperatures. For sample the synthesized sample being the 1060 mV present a higher coercivity than that synthesized at 1160 mV. After Pb(Zr 0,53;Ti0,47)O3 synthesis, SEM images show that in both samples the PZT film showed high porosity. Although the magnetoelectric signal was not observed, the samples exhibited a small remanent polarization and a significant change was verified in the Ms and magnetic anisotropy of the films, before and after the polarization of the samples, but not in their coercivity. Thus, it was concluded that the proposed electrochemical route allowed the synthesis of multiferroic films.
O uso de algoritmos de classificação para determinar estoques de segurança
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-13)
Sanches, Felipe Norato
;
França, Celso Aparecido de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547836128892982
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2235-9551
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1413814764753839
This work analyzes the application of different Artificial Neural Network algorithms with the objective of classifying candidate products for safety stock parameterization based on the purchase history of these products. The study brings discussions about the importance of the quality of the treated data and the importance of analyzing the problem, the objectives and the balance between the level of customer service, that is, the expected execution time, and the cost of inventory. K-means, affinity propagation, mean displacement and hierarchical clustering algorithms, which include the Ward and complete linkage methods, were studied. Through the application of these algorithms, it was possible to generate distribution graphs of classified points and calculate the correlation of the groups found by the different algorithms. For the presented problem, an optimal number of groups value was determined for a better classification of the products. The algorithms that showed the highest correlation were the K-means and Ward algorithms, which provided an efficient classification of data into 3 groups.
Anotação semântica baseada em ontologia aplicada em imagens médicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-13)
Pereira, Juliana Wolf
;
Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-5326
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1512389839368718
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women in Brazil and worldwide. Early diagnosis of a breast lesion is a priority for effective treatment at lower costs, with mammography being the most used exam. In this doctoral research, was developed the MUSA method to classify and semantically annotate mammography images based on the fusion of multimodal information, providing a fuller image annotation than the current state of the art. For this, the approach includes a text mining process, an image mining process, and an ontology engineering process. With the text mining process, it is possible to establish the contextual features based on similarity and co-occurrence relations between pairs of words in the same medical report. The image mining process allows classifying a mammography image using an end-to-end deep learning strategy. In the ontology engineering process, we built the AnotaMammo ontology, composed of the annotation ontology and the Mammo domain ontology. AnotaMammo allows the semantic annotation of mammography images. The text mining results were used to generate semantic rules, included in AnotaMammo. The results of the image mining process surpassed or compared with studies published in the literature, reaching more than 92% accuracy for classifying lesions as mass or calcification. The results also demonstrate that the AnotaMammo ontology adequately performed the semantic enrichment of the classification, in addition to having adequately performed the fusion of multimodal information. Finally, the MUSA method adds information to make the result more semantic and interpretable, thus reducing the semantic gap.
O sujeito neoliberal mirim: a semântica da obediência retratada em vídeos de YouTube
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-13)
Calonego, Mariana
;
Gatti, Márcio Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0369563657842763
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-2856
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1241344833528211
Considering childhood as a product of culture, his understanding requires the comprehension of social organization modes. Under the globalized logic of capitalism, subjectivities embody the neoliberal logic of performance and competitiveness. Adding technological dominance in people's daily lives, ways of working, relationships and desire undergo important transformations in contemporary times. In face of this, childhood suffers the consequences. Being assigned to children’s the role of corresponding to an overqualified place, they are expected to become, ever earlier, ready for future participation in a competitive labor market. “Already being” becomes the imperative of this moment. Access to digitality, fosters this logic and allows for a type of social participation that goes in the direction of “already being” a professional: young youtuber. In this research, we used the YouTube video platform to investigate the role of children nowadays. Based on Discourse Analysis, we analyzed videos starring children’s and identified aspects that put them in similar conditions to those of the neoliberal subject. The results of the data analysis, indicate a professionalization of the channels that, together with the present narratives in the videos, enunciate a neoliberal discourse. In addition, the dedication of the channels to a supposed transmission of conduct parameters to children, engenders the idea of a semantics of obedience, which seems to translate what is socially expected from children.
Partial automation of the seismic to well tie with the matching region estimation and segmented global optimization
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-13)
Silva, Rafael da Costa
;
Silva, Diego Furtado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7662777934692986
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-9413
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9614463991077343
Geophysical interpretation plays a fundamental role in the oil and gas exploration domain. Various geophysical methods can be employed to extract information about the geological configuration of rocks. The well-to-seismic tie, which involves matching well log profiles with observed seismograms, is a crucial activity in the processing and interpreting of seismic amplitudes. During the exploration phase, the seismic tie process helps the interpreter to understand the well region's seismic wavelet and the time-depth relationship. However, data noise and inherent uncertainties make the seismic tie time-consuming. This way, we propose a significant automation of the seismic tie process that estimates the probable alignment region and automatically aligns the seismic traces through segmented global optimization. The alignment region is estimated based on the velocity profile and alignment using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. The three proposed methods accurately estimated the well base position in the seismic trace for most of the tested wells. Our approach performs the segmentation of the tying process by utilizing the time-depth relationship obtained from the initial alignment of synthetic and seismic traces using Constrained DTW. The segmentation of the Differential Evolution (DE) tying process increased the final correlation in all tested wells, with four achieving a correlation higher than 70% without causing unrealistic velocity variations.
Jogando em casa na pandemia: um estudo brasileiro de crianças de 1 a 10 anos no isolamento social pelo COVID -19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-13)
Pereira, Natássia Novaes
;
Sommerhalder, Aline
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4775432120371947
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8552051554358905
Nel 2020 molti Paesi sono stati improvvisamente sorpresi dal contagio accelerato e incontrollato del virus SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19). Nel marzo dello stesso anno, l'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità classificò il contagio come pandemia, dando il via a misure urgenti per controllare il contagio. In questo modo, il mondo intero ha iniziato ad adottare misure per affrontare la pandemia in modo da superarla. La presente ricerca si concentra sulla conoscenza e sull'esame del gioco dei bambini nell'isolamento sociale nelle case domestiche, a causa della pandemia. Il presente rapporto di ricerca è stato strutturato in quattro sezioni: sul gioco; sul bambino come soggetto di diritto e sull'infanzia virtuale; sull'educazione scolastica, in particolare la fase della scuola dell'infanzia e dei primi anni della scuola primaria, prendendo come base teorica la letteratura nel campo del gioco infantile e dell'educazione scolastica. Intreccia riflessioni sull'educazione a distanza e la vita quotidiana; sulla famiglia contemporanea e le sue caratteristiche relazionali e considerazioni sul rapporto tra famiglia e scuola, oltre che sulla famiglia nel contesto di una pandemia o di malattie con un'ampia gamma di contaminazioni. Questa ricerca deriva da uno studio più ampio e ha cercato di rispondere: durante il periodo di isolamento sociale, con cosa giocavano (giocano) i bambini brasiliani nelle loro residenze (case)? L'obiettivo è stato quello di identificare e descrivere, attraverso un esame del COVID-19, i giochi che si verificano nella vita quotidiana domestica dei bambini brasiliani durante l'isolamento sociale. Si tratta di uno studio quali-quantitativo che ha utilizzato un questionario online (e-survey) come strumento di raccolta, ottenendo 541 risposte da adulti, familiari di bambini. I risultati ottenuti sono stati organizzati nella prospettiva qualitativa, attraverso la domanda aperta (domanda 12) e ordinati per mezzo di assi e nell'aspetto quantitativo, i risultati sono stati organizzati attraverso un formato "grafico a torta". Lo studio ha verificato una maggiore partecipazione degli intervistati dello stato di San Paolo, che vivono in casa e fuori dai condomini chiusi. Ha anche verificato una maggiore partecipazione delle madri nelle risposte a questo sondaggio rispetto ai padri. Lo studio ha anche accertato che i bambini non hanno smesso di giocare e hanno fatto ricorso a innumerevoli attività, dentro e fuori casa, con ciò che era loro possibile. Infine, lo studio mostra un aumento, tra i partecipanti, del consumo di schermi da parte dei bambini durante la pandemia.
O pensamento algébrico e sua propositura no material EMAI do estado de São Paulo para o ciclo de alfabetização (1º ao 3º ano)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-14)
Marcondes, Rianne Schutzer Luiz
;
Ciríaco, Klinger Teodoro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2947929641568853
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1694-851X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4350496320857842
This dissertation highlight the results found throughout the development of the master's research, linked to the Professional Graduate Program in Education, at the Federal University of São Carlos (PPGPE/UFSCar). As an objective, we sought to analyze the declared conception about the perspective of work with algebraic thinking present in the material "Mathematics Education in the initial years" (EMAI) adopted by the State Education Network of São Paulo (SP), as well as the nature of the tasks that involve him in the literacy cycle (1st to 3rd year). For this, we started with an initial mapping of Professional Graduate Programs in the state of São Paulo and events in Mathematics Education (ENEM and EPEM) for the analysis of existing productions on the subject, thus fulfilling the stage of "Literature review". In addition, we constitute the "Theoretical Reference" in the field of studies on curriculum, curriculum in Mathematics Education and algebraic thinking. This research presents a methodological approach of a qualitative nature, with a descriptive-analytical-interpretative character. The central instrument for data production adopted was the documental analysis of the EMAI material, mainly the nature of the mathematical tasks that involved algebraic thinking. The results obtained showed that the EMAI material, with regard to the literacy cycle, presents approximately 59 tasks that involve objects of knowledge and skills of the thematic unit Algebra, as proposed by the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) and Currículo Paulista, however, if the teacher cannot understand what is being asked, he will not explore them in their potential and will not develop algebraic thinking with the students. This fact demonstrates the need to invest in continuing education for these professionals, since it is challenging to work on aspects of algebraic thinking in the early years, as they did not have contact with this theme in their initial training. As a result of this research, an Educational Product was created in digital book mode (e-book) entitled "Children's Literature and Mathematics: proposals for tasks involving algebraic thinking for the literacy cycle", which presents possibilities of mathematical problematization with the unit Algebra theme in the first years of schooling.
Dimensión colectiva de las acciones profesionales en terapia ocupacional: percepciones situadas a partir de experiencias en Argentina, Chile y Colombia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-14)
Firsenko, Ekaterina
;
Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-3194
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7108114780826054
La cuestión social es constituida por las acciones de explotación propias del capitalismo, que agranda la brecha entre las clases, disminuye la cohesión social, modifica los mecanismos de la solidaridad y profundiza el individualismo. Así, surge que el debilitamiento de las protecciones y los soportes sociales presentan una relación directa con el sistema actual, como también con la pobreza, la exclusión social y la estigmatización. Justificación: A partir del desenvolvimiento del contexto actual caracterizado por el liberalismo, emerge la necesidad de que la profesión conforme nuevas lecturas sobre la realidad para el enfrentamiento de las problemáticas que derivan de la cuestión social. En este sentido, las explicaciones individuales de las problemáticas sociales son insuficientes para dialogar sobre la dimensión social. Al integrar la cuestión social a la profesión de terapia ocupacional, surge la importancia de analizar la dimensión colectiva de sus acciones profesionales, con el fin de desenvolver una acción que efectivamente aborde las contradicciones del nivel macroestructural. Objetivo: Conocer la dimensión colectiva de las acciones profesionales en terapia ocupacional a través de la percepción de lxs profesionales de Argentina, Chile y Colombia. Métodos: Fue seleccionada una visión materialista-histórica fundada en la terapia ocupacional social, para conocer las acciones de lxs terapeutas ocupacionales en una dimensión colectiva. Fueron contactadxs colegas a través de informantes claves y se realizaron 27 entrevistas semi estructuradas de modo virtual. Los datos se sometieron al análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Fueron seleccionados los siguientes ejes de análisis: visión de la terapia ocupacional; teoría que respalda las prácticas colectivas; metodología de las prácticas colectivas; dimensión colectiva de las acciones profesionales en terapia ocupacional; dimensión macrosocial y colectivismo en terapia ocupacional, dialéctica individual-colectivo, ejemplos de experiencias colectivas no acertadas y prácticas colectivas con el sujeto individual y sobre cómo conformar acciones colectivas. Conclusión: La dimensión colectiva de las acciones en terapia ocupacional se caracteriza por una visión contraria al principio liberal del individuo, en una actuación que tiene el objetivo de desarrollar una visión social del Estado, de la sociedad y de la política, lo que dialoga directamente con las propuestas de la terapia ocupacional social. Así, la discusión sobre el colectivismo en terapia ocupacional puede estar presente desde las acciones con los sujetos individuales, en la clínica, hasta en el trabajo comunitario, ya que articula dialécticamente sujetos individuales y colectivos. El diálogo latinoamericano posibilita contribuir con la discusión acerca de los fundamentos de la terapia ocupacional y puede colaborar con el abordaje de la cuestión social a través de las referencias que parten de los principios de la acción colectiva. Palabras clave: Colectivismo. Terapia ocupacional social. Cuestión social.
O corpo no espaço, o espaço do corpo: considerações sobre a filosofia de Merleau-Ponty
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-14)
Marques, Rafaela Ferreira
;
Moutinho, Luiz Damon Santos
;
lattes.cnpq.br/9475267722538751
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-571X
;
lattes.cnpq.br/3913396040221427
Cette thèse suit Maurice Merleau-Ponty dans sa recherche d’un fondement spatial et concret pour sa phénoménologie. Pour cela, nous commençons notre parcours en réfléchissant à l’importance du refus de l’auteur de se limiter à ce qu’il appelle la « vision analytique », pour laquelle il ne peut y avoir qu’un espace isotrope, où les choses – y compris le corps – sont fortuitement agencées, c’est-à-dire un espace qui n’entretien aucun rapport à ce qu’il y a dans l’espace, n’étant qu’un simple contenant. Même si, dans ses premiers écrits, l’auteur a conditionné la spatialité à une synthèse opérée par le temps, nous démontrons que l’espace en a déjà un intérêt phénoménologique. Avec les ouvrages de sa phase dite « intermédiaire », on voit apparaître un nouveau type de rapport entre le temps et l’espace dans lequel la subordination de l’un à l’autre perd de sa force. Utilisant les notions de profondeur, de schéma corporel et de mouvement, au terme du parcours, nous avons vu que l’espace, toujours présent dans les enquêtes de Merleau-Ponty, y acquiert une centralité, seulement évoquée au début de sa carrière.
Estabilização de suspensões aquosas à base de biosilicato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-14)
Silva, Lucas do Carmo
;
Crovace, Murilo Camuri
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2960564171443068
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6993-6363
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5103764981192765
Aqueous suspensions based on particulate bioglasses are frequently used for the production of bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds. Scaffolds are macroporous structures (with pores between 100 μm and 300 μm) intended for the replacement and repair of flaws in human tissues, something that is possible due to the fact that these structures favor cell penetration and increase vascularization. However, the solubilization of the glass in aqueous media favors the flocculation of the suspension. The effect of this is the compromise of process reproducibility, mechanical properties and the loss of particulate matter. Therefore, it is important to control rheology and stabilize suspensions to prevent flocculation from occurring. Thus, the present study aimed to stabilize aqueous suspensions based on Biosilicate® particles (designated here as BioS), based on electrostatic, steric and electrosteric stabilization mechanisms. For this purpose, the pH of suspensions with different weight concentrations of solids (2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 20.0% and 30.0%) was measured. The use of different dispersants was not able to stabilize the suspensions with 30%w of BioS. As for the suspension of 2.5%w of BioS, the best average zeta potential value was -45 mV, obtained by adding 1.0%w of PAA. Furthermore, there was an attempt to adjust the pH of the 30%w BioS suspension using HCl. Finally, these suspensions were submitted to a qualitative sedimentation test in 25ml graduated burettes, which verified the effectiveness of using 1.0%p of PAA in the stabilization of suspensions of 2.5%p of BioS.