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Classificação binária de dados financeiros em problemas com classes desbalanceadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Moura, Lucas Fernando
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Ferreira, Ricardo Felipe
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2355076087945221
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-0526
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1753635846383745
In order to mitigate the risks and uncertainties associated with credit granting, financial institutions are constantly exploring methods to enhance the credit evaluation system. In the same context, the growth in credit card transactions has led to an increase in fraud, resulting in billions of dollars in annual losses for financial institutions. Therefore, it is crucial for companies to effectively detect fraudulent transactions. One way to minimize losses due to default or fraud is to use statistical methods that yield results close to reality, presenting a low margin of error. However, the major challenge in executing this process is that such financial data is imbalanced, meaning there is a higher proportion of non-defaulting customers and legitimate transactions (majority groups) than delinquent customers and fraudulent transactions (minority groups). This imbalance leads to a classification bias, as learning algorithms tend to classify observations from the majority group better. In this context, this work aims to conduct a comparative study of the performance of support vector machines and logistic regression in classifying new sample units. This study will be carried out using three financial datasets with different degrees of imbalance, considering three contexts: (i) without applying any technique to handle the imbalance of the datasets; (ii) applying data preprocessing techniques to handle the imbalance of the datasets; and (iii) using the cost-sensitive version of the original classifiers to handle the imbalance of the datasets. The analysis of classifier performance will be based on measures derived from the confusion matrix that have been shown to be less sensitive to data imbalance, such as the G-mean, Matthews correlation coefficient, and F-score.
Microscopia eletrônica de varredura: aspectos instrumentais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Santos, Maria Júlia dos
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Homem, Manoel Gustavo Petrucelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2059356773212608
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-664X
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) arose from the need to characterize materials on the nanometer scale, considering that until then, optical microscopes could only achieve resolutions of the order of micrometers. Since the beginning of the 20th century, many studies have been carried out by different scientists to arrive at the model of scanning electron microscope used today. It was from their discoveries, such as the fact that this type of microscope allows analyzing different types of samples, that SEM became one of the main characterization techniques in the field of science. Therefore, given the relevance of this equipment, it is extremely important that researchers have knowledge about its instrumental part. With this in mind, the present work seeks to show how a scanning electron microscope works, explaining each of its main components and giving a general overview of electronic optics, which is directly correlated to the subject. The first component presented was the electron gun, which talked about thermionic emission guns and tunneling emission guns, in addition to the three most common types of filament: tungsten (W), lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) and field emission gun (FEG). The second component was the lens system, where it was described how the lenses operate and the possible effects of aberrations. Finally, this work describes the third component, which are the detectors, explaining which device is used for each of the two most common signals generated during the scanning process, which are the secondary electron signal and the backscattered electron signal.
Narrativa interconectada: uma escrita geográfica pelo cinema brasileiro contemporâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Ojeda, Giovanni Rei Ribeiro
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Saraiva, Leandro Rocha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9499533247209958
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9371-7526
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4220445681030562
This dissertation departs from narratological studies to present a brief investigation around the narrative construction of films in contemporary Brazilian cinema. It will be analyzed, in special, those structured by an interconnected writing model, a discourse responsible for interweaving multiple protagonist characters in their plots. For this, three geographical axes of greater expression on the national scene were selected: Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco and São Paulo, represented cinematographically in O primeiro dia (1999), Amarelo manga (2003) and Não por acaso (2007) – respectively released on over a decade. It is intended to address here how the multifocal mosaic of its narrative raises questions intrinsic to its social spaces, divided between violence, stratification and individual, and how this characteristic reflects on the search for a supposed idea of identity, spatialized amid the narrative threads plurality of its characters. The main objective of this research is to allude to some of the precepts raised by this network narrative system through the film analysis of the films mentioned. Thus, it is possible to achieve as a result, through the relationship between these works, a set of narrative codes directly permeated by correlated notions between the social fabric and the representation of cities.
Benchmark de chatbots para o redesign das interfaces conversacionais do projeto Amive
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Alves, Vanessa de Cássia
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Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-8700
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7192605107055817
Major depression is a serious illness that affects more than 15% of the Brazilian population. Among university students, the prevalence is even higher. Researchers from the Amive project, funded by FAPESP, are training computational models to identify university students with a possible depressive profile. The model considers mobile sensors and Online Social Networks (RSO) data. The outputs of the classification model influence the delivery of interventions designed within the scope of the Amive project. Based on the classification, a chatbot starts conversations about determinants of mental suffering in the university context, offering health education content and pointing out support techniques and places. Therefore, these conversations must be carried out welcoming and intuitive. With this in mind, this undergraduate final work aims to explore successful chatbot solutions, to extract design elements to add to the Amive project proposal. To this end, a Benchmark was carried out with eight systems comparing aspects that included communication format, demonstration of user reaction to messages, and graphic representation (avatar). As a result, five suggestions for improvements to the design solution were listed and applied in a redesign process that generated a medium-fidelity prototype.
Delayed MTS(2s) e procedimentos de Training-IRAP: explorando eficácia, eficiência e seu formato de treino no estudo de relações derivadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Silvestre, Marcello Henrique
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-8948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0686511228693584
A common method for the study of derived relations is the Matching-to-Sample (MTS) preparation. However, certain aspects of the procedure arguably hinder the emergence of new relations, such as different sources of stimulus control. Consequently, the investigation of other procedures seems justified. The Training-IRAP may be a plausible alternative. The primary objective was to compare the effectiveness of Delayed MTS(2s) and Training-IRAP procedures in terms of participant derived relations yield. The secondary objective was to compare the average number of training blocks needed per procedure. Due to additional components in the Standard Training-IRAP not found in MTS, some edits were made to the former procedure yielding two new versions: the Modified Training-IRAP and Delayed Modified Training-IRAP(2s). Sixty-eight students participated, 17 per group. Nine participants met yield criteria in the Delayed MTS(2s) group, three in the Standard TrainingIRAP group, 11 in the Modified Training-IRAP group, and 12 in the Delayed Modified Training-IRAP(2s) group. The average number of blocks to complete training phases was lowest for the Delayed MTS(2s) and Delayed Modified Training-IRAP(2s) groups. The formats of the procedures and implications of the findings toward an overarching goal of greater precision, scope and depth in conceptual, experimental and applied settings are discussed
Aplicação web para modelo de classificação da qualidade da argumentação em tweets no domínio da política brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Ribeiro, Ítalo Carvalho Vianelli
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Lucrédio, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9090396559596221
In the contemporary Brazilian political scenario, argumentation on social media platforms, with a particular focus on Twitter (currently known as X), plays a fundamental role in shaping public opinion. Evaluating the quality of arguments in tweets is a challenge due to the platform's brevity and informality. This project aims to develop a browser extension, based on the ArgQ! model, developed as part of a doctoral research at PPGCC/UFSCar, to analyze the argumentative quality in political tweets. The methodology involves integrating a web interface with the ArgQ! model and conducting usability tests to validate the extension's intuitiveness and easiness of use. The test involved the participation of 20 individuals, focusing on evaluating the extension's interactivity, including the time taken to perform key functionalities and identifying any usability issues. The results revealed an intuitive extension, providing an effective tool for real-time critical and well-informed analysis of arguments. This study contributes to advancing the understanding and evaluation of argumentation in political contexts, enriching discourse on social media platforms.
Análise e previsão de séries temporais via Facebook Prophet
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Borges, Mateus Penteado
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Moura, Maria Sílvia de Assis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9410151859448447
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0335257151286262
Forecasting is an estimate or projection of what may happen in the future based on information and data available from the past and present. In other words, it is an attempt to make an informed guess about what is likely to occur in the future, using previous information and knowledge of the current context. Forecasting is applied in various areas such as cryptocurrencies, finance, weather, science, politics, and more. In the statistical approach, there are several ways to make forecasts. An example is the Exponential Smoothing method, known for its simplicity and ease of understanding, as its formulas are not overly complex. Additionally, we have Neural Networks, which are useful for capturing non-linear relationships present in the data, improving the accuracy of forecasts. The field of forecasting is constantly studied and improved by professionals who use it in their daily work. In 2017, two data scientists from Facebook developed an innovative technique called Facebook Prophet. This technique was created to address two issues found in traditional time series forecasting methods. The first concerns the inflexibility and fragility of completely automatic forecasting techniques to incorporate useful assumptions or heuristics. The second issue is related to the dependence on a skilled and competent data science analyst to use more robust tools. With the rise of cryptocurrencies in the current world, there is a growing interest among professionals in obtaining well-adjusted models for digital currencies. This enables them to position themselves appropriately regarding the issue of buying or selling these assets. In this work, three useful forecasting methods will be compared: Exponential Smoothing (Holt-Winters), Neural Networks, and Facebook Prophet. Some accuracy measures such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) will be used for the final selection of the best model.
@nikolasferreiradm e o uso do Tiktok como ferramenta de comunicação política: os contornos de uma estratégia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Raimundo, Ana Beatriz Lopes
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Iasulaitis, Sylvia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4226275371443693
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-1003
The present work aims to analyze the videos published by Nikolas Ferreira during the year 2022 on his account @nikolasferreiradm on TikTok, aiming to investigate three factors: the potential of TikTok as a political communication tool, the main arguments and devices of semiotic construction that are part of Nikolas’ communication Ferreira, and the construction of the figure of Nikolas Ferreira as a phenomenon of the new right Brazilian. To this end, Content Analysis was used as a method, enabling a qualitative study with greater depth of the data collected. Analysis results suggest communication based mainly on attacks on opponents concomitantly with a construction of oneself through differentiation from the ‘other’. Furthermore, it is notable the intense relationship between customs, religion and politics and also the promotion of controversies as an element that generates popularity.
Parâmetros para a impressão 3D de baixo custo de dispositivos para medição de ângulo de contato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Castanho, Maria Natalia
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Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2807864150195202
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537
Modelo de classificação para dados desbalanceados: método SMOTE e variantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Nora, Andrielle Couto
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-1108
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7319129806979557
Often, in classification models, we encounter databases that have highly imbalanced classes, such as: rare disease diagnostic data, manufacturing defects, fraudulent transactions, etc. Training a model on a dataset with few observations of a particular class results in poor predictive performance, especially for observations belonging to the minority class. In this Undergraduate Thesis, we present and compare different variants of the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE) method for oversampling imbalanced data used in classification models, specifically Logistic Regression, in order to demonstrate how these techniques can improve the ability to identify and predict observations from the minority class in realistic and imbalanced scenarios, as well as to determine which combination of sampling technique and Logistic Regression classification model leads to better performance.
Narrativa reflexiva sobre uma experiência individual vivenciada no curso de medicina da Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Guarda, Samira Saad
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Leal, Ângela Merice de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202663545989206
This text addresses a reflection on the practice of the Political-Pedagogical Project (PPP) in the Medicine Course at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) over six years. Initially, an overview of the PPP is presented, highlighting the importance as a strategic guide for educational institutions, aiming to integrate political, pedagogical, and administrative aspects. There is a reflection on the gap between the theoretical expectations of the PPP and the reality experienced during graduation, proposing the need for changes that consider the evolution of society and market demands. The method used consists of continuous reflective narrative throughout the years of graduation. The goal is to analyze the implementation of the PPP in practice and reflect on new perspectives introduced by a reformulation. The spiral is mentioned as part of the PPP, advocating the idea that learning is a continuous and non-linear process. Despite initial difficulties, it is importante to emphasize the benefits of the approach over the years, highlighting the gradual construction of knowledge and its practical application in medicine. The text also addresses criticisms and suggestions for optimization, especially related to time invested in practical activities, visits to health services, communication between students and teachers and evaluation methods.
O contato com a hepatologia no curso de medicina na Universidade Federal de São Carlos: uma análise reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Szogyenyi, Gustavo Vieira
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Costa, Rafael Izar Domingues da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2550120424751259
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2837-8772
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0060149952232328
Liver diseases, whether chronic or acute, are part of a heterogeneous group of pathologies that are present in the daily routine of doctors in any environment in the healthcare system. Therefore, it is essential for medical students to learn about these diseases and provide adequate care for these patients. Therefore, this critical- reflexive narrative seeks to demonstrate contact with Hepatology in the medicine course at the Federal University of São Carlos, identifying the strengths and indicating possible points for improvement.
O Sofrimento psíquico de mulheres sertanejas usuárias do CAPS de Quixadá - CE
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Castelo, Rejane Rodrigues Barbosa
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Bleicher, Taís
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9075358493860166
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-3749
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3971774128212033
The Northeastern Sertanejas Women emerge as one of the main protagonists of the current scenario of Psychosocial Care in the Sertão. They bring with them the demand presented in the form of psychic suffering to the Psychosocial Care Centers; Thus, the purpose of this research was to conduct a study on this psychological distress from a gender perspective and to evaluate its impacts on mental health. A reading was carried out in order to know the forms and factors potentially related to Psychic Suffering in women from the countryside; to illustrate a potential strategy of care for women from the countryside who use a CAPS and relate them to the Solidarity Economy in its pillars to think about social inclusion through the work of these women. The methodology used in this research followed a qualitative design, of an exploratory nature, using the triangulation of two methods: action research and content analysis. During the operationalization of the study, the conversation circle strategy was applied, where twelve women who presented similar complaints participated in the group, entitled "Atelier of Meaning". As a result, it was found that the northeastern sertanejo woman has a unique profile, is often conditioned to situations that cause her vulnerabilities such as: gender discrimination in the division of traditional family roles, living with stigma, the absence of autonomy to plan her actions and future and the absence of policies aimed at the subjective way of being in the world. Finally, it is of paramount importance to point out that the legislation related to mental health policies is complied with and implemented, there is a public budget for the allocation of resources that enable the realization of therapeutic projects in an effective way, citizen participation through participatory councils, which allow the women themselves to influence the decisions and monitoring of policies, especially local ones, as well as monitoring and evaluation by inspection bodies in order to assess whether the resources and objectives are obtaining the desired results, and finally the making of adjustments and improvements over time, ensuring the effectiveness of the actions implemented.
Estudantes indígenas com deficiência na educação superior brasileira: revisão sistemática (2019 a 2023)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Silva-Atikum, Josineide Jacilda da
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Corsi, Adriana Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5553922167803121
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Orlando, Rosimeire Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459
The present work presents the indigenous theme related to special education, thus expanding research on this topic, since there is not much work carried out in the area, which makes it difficult to find documents that provide some of the subject covered. This justifies the importance and relevance of this study in a country in which, according to IBGE data, the indigenous population exceeded 1.6 million people in 2022, being present in 86.7% of Brazilian municipalities, with many ) of them, people with disabilities who often do not have their rights enforced. The objective of this work is to identify the focus of Brazilian academic productions on indigenous students with disabilities in Higher Education, from 2019 to 2023. Based on the 2019 higher education census, on this public's access to federal institutions, and review of literature regarding the presence of indigenous students with disabilities in higher education, the present work verified publications in the SciELO, CAPES and BDTD databases. The results showed that despite the access and permanence policies, they in themselves do not guarantee the right of these students to higher education, thus opening the debate to the absence of students in this space, mainly due to the fact that the review showed a total of zero results on the presence of these students.
Aristóteles: fronteiras da política
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29)
Leandro, Giácomo Fioritti
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Lopes, Marisa da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5427042421727621
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-423X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8275598734162111
In the Nicomachean Ethics, by emphasising the opposition between science, which is universal and necessary, and the field of action, which is particular and contingent, Aristotle presents the concept of φρόνησις, previously associated with theoretical philosophy, as an eminently practical virtue, more related to deliberation and to the figure of the politician. In the 20th century, it divided the interpretation of his practical philosophy into more intellectual and more empirical interpretations. On the one hand, it was thought that the moral agent would continue to rely above all on the knowledge of universal laws and principles of action, like Plato, and that it was simply up to the φρόνιμος to apply them to particulars, i.e. to realise this articulation, but without ceasing to understand, as a sage, the human ends. On the other hand, however, it has been argued that, now that a real "gap" has been created between the universal and the particular, the good agent, rather a prudent one, could only orient himself in the particular itself, and thus more properly know the most appropriate means for each circumstance in which he must act. Now, starting from the association between φρόνησις and politics, what we have pointed out is that Aristotle's reformulation raises not only the problem of the status of φρόνησις, but also the problem of the status of politics itself. Should politics, which finds its main exponent in the figure of the φρόνιμος, the prudent man or the man of practical wisdom, be concerned only with the choice of means or even with the ends of man? By pointing out the distance between theory and practice, did Aristotle really bring human affairs back to collective debates and back to the assembly deliberations? Or are there other boundaries to political knowledge?
Aplicando XAI na comparação de redes neurais e árvores de decisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-30)
Marinho, Eduardo Augusto
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Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
The new focus on artificial intelligence confronts us with a long-standing concern data on such algorithms, the distinction between white-box and black box. This study seeks to explore analysis techniques, known as Explainable AI (XAI) for such models, especially in so-called black-box algorithms, those in which the details of his decision-making are not completely known. Is important the explainability of the AI model, as opaque models can covertly inflict ethical and trustworthiness issues, including the possibility of bias, discrimination, privacy and rights violations. The chosen approach aims to study and apply some of these XAI techniques to unravel the logic of an algorithm considered black-box, using a progressive approach, which explores the fundamentals of a neural network through to application of explainable techniques, presenting a comparison of behavior between neural networks and decision tree. Finally, comparisons are made between metrics of the models and the results found are discussed.
Organização dos espaços na educação infantil brasileira: um levantamento de pesquisas acadêmicas (2009-2023)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-30)
Silva, Karen Simões
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Camargo, Andreia Regina de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0936098182171676
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1158-2814
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Santos, Maria Walburga dos
The organization of spaces, from their architectural design to their use as part of the educational curriculum, occupies a central place in the daily life of early childhood education institutions. Given this, this work had the general objective of investigating, recording and understanding the contributions of Brazilian academic productions regarding the organization of internal and external spaces, spaces that children aged 0 to 5 attend in early childhood education institutions. For this research, methodological instruments of bibliographic research and document analysis were used with a qualitative approach, of the state of knowledge type. The time frame defined for the selection of academic productions was between the years 2009 and 2023. As a theoretical reference, the research was based on the historical context of early childhood education and the consolidation of its public policies, contributions from educational approaches and current studies on the subject. . This study allowed the mapping and presentation of academic productions selected through the chosen descriptors, present in the CAPES repository. From the reflections carried out by this work, several questions were revealed, some of which follow: the conception of space, attributed by these studies in relation to its physical characterization conferred by the objects that constitute it, the term environment understood as the junction of spaces physical with the relationships and interactions that occur within it and the term place understood as space/environment to which value was attributed by the subject; These spaces that make up the Early Childhood Education Institution are considered pedagogical resources and, depending on their organizations, provided by education professionals and architects, they can limit or favor the development and curiosity of babies and children; the space is not neutral and is a curricular element; uncoupling is urgent, due to the need for children and babies to have daily contact with the elements of nature in external spaces and the architecture of schools, which need to be designed together with education professionals and children and babies. In the end, it is concluded that all objectives were achieved.
Diagnóstico e avaliação exploratória inicial dos avanços dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável no campus Lagoa do Sino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-30)
Ribeiro, Gleyce Kelly
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Saavedra, Yovana María Barrera
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6850307175821218
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6850307175821218
In the context of the current global scenario, the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have become highly relevant topics on academic and social agendas. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), with their role as generators and disseminators of knowledge, have a responsibility to present sustainable solutions, provide assistance in fulfilling the SDGs and share their initiatives. The aim of this study is to carry out an initial diagnosis of the inclusion of the SDGs at the Lagoa do Sino Campus of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). To this end, an bibliographical survey was carried out of the main SDG indicators used by HEIs. At the same time, an initial diagnosis of the inclusion of the SDGs on the Lagoa do Sino Campus was carried out, by mapping the initiatives linked to the SDGs and published in UFSCar's Activity Reports and Annual Management and Activity Reports in 2020, 2021 and 2022. Through the mapping, it was possible to propose indicators consistent with the institution's scenario to assess the SDGs and recommend improvement actions for their more appropriate inclusion. The results of the survey culminated in the identification of 61 SDG assessment indicators most commonly used in HEIs, 43% of which are associated with SDG 4 - Quality Education. During the mapping process, it was possible to identify 79 initiatives linked to the SDGs, ranging from institutional policies to cultural events, which are practiced on campus. By correlating the indicators obtained in the literature survey with the initiatives mapped, it was possible to determine 47 indicators that can be used to assess the inclusion of the SDGs on the Lagoa do Sino campus. Of the 61 indicators obtained, 14 were not considered applicable due to the lack of SDG-related activities disclosed in the reports. To help the institution implement initiatives to address these non-applicable indicators, improvement actions were presented, such as a Diversity and Equity Census and a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory. The implementation and measurement of these indicators will result in greater transparency in the disclosure of results in relation to meeting the targets of certain SDGs, highlighting the institution's maturity in the pursuit of sustainability.
Efeito da ocupação urbana e do uso de técnicas compensatórias sobre o escoamento superficial direto da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Santa Maria do Leme - São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-30)
Teixeira, Weverton de Souza
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Kellner, Erich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6855091004957784
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-5580
The process of urbanization and growth of cities generates interference in the flow of water in urban areas. Given this situation, new drainage techniques have been used with the aim of mitigating or at least minimizing the hydrological effects of urban occupation. Advances in research demonstrate that the use of compensatory techniques, such as water basins, detention, serves the hydrological function of dampening the flows generated in the basin, reducing the risk of flooding and flooding downstream. In this way, this work aims to main objective to compare the hydrographs generated in pre and post occupation scenarios of Santa Maria do Leme basin - São Carlos, to obtain quantitative data from the flows and verification of how human occupation and compensatory techniques affect them. To this end, the area was characterized in all aspects relevant to the flow, type of soil, type of coverage, vegetation, among others, and subsequent allocation of parameters for defining the flow for the different compositions. From the data surveyed, it was possible to generate the hydrographs for the defined project rainfall, obtaining, for the different scenarios, the characterization of flows in the basin. The results obtained show that the basin in its natural state has a peak flow 17.22 times lower and concentration 1.68 times higher, when compared to its current state of occupation. Also it is concluded that the detention basins amortized the peak flow by 16.20%, showing an alternative to reduce the effects of urban occupation on runoff.
Equivalência de estímulos e generalização recombinativa no ensino de leitura para alunos com deficiência intelectual e autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-30)
Zanin, Ana Beatriz
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Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-697X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8809457383512894
Considering the importance of teaching reading and writing for individuals with intellectual disabilities and autism, employing strategies that can benefit and enhance the teaching and learning process, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of teaching conditional relations and the emergence of classes of equivalent stimuli between dictated words, pictures and written words in the emergence of reading and generalized reading for students with intellectual disabilities and autism. Two students with intellectual disabilities and autism, aged 8 years old, enrolled in the 2nd year of Elementary School, participated in the research. The method included familiarization, pre-test, teaching of relationships between dictated word and picture (AB) and dictated word and written word (AC), tests of emerging relations of relations between pictures and words (BC and CB) and reading assessments, repeated for three sets of words, followed by a general reading post-test. A multiple probe design was used between sets of words. The results revealed that both participants achieved a maximum performance of 100% accuracy in the AB relationship. However, the AC P1 relationship showed significant variation in the performance of AC relations of the in Group 1; they did not complete the teaching steps with this set of words. Given the participant's performance, strategies were inserted to encourage engagement in activities (token economy). In subsequent groups, P1 maintained 100% correct responses in AB relations and he showed improvements performance in AC relations, reaching 100% correct responses. In the emerging relationships between picture and written words (BC) and written words and pictures (CB), the participant presented 100% correct responses in the tests with stimuli sets 2 and 3. In the reading assessments, P1 named the words under the control of letters and syllables, mainly in words from Set 2; also he used the word “mage” to name most of the words. P2 presented percentages above 90% correct in AB relations and above 80% correct when teaching AC relations in the three stimuli sets. In the BC and CB tests, the participant had 100% accuracy in the three stimuli sets. The main difficulties presented by P2 were when faced with the letters c and g, which were decoded as “ç” (naming ‘boça’ instead of mouth) and “j” (naming ‘majo’ in front of wizard), respectively. The results suggest that the teaching procedure contributed to the establishment of relationships between pictures, dictated words and written words, however it did not contribute to the emergence of word reading. Future studies should review the words used, seeking to use words without complexities or difficulties from the Portuguese language, as well as using potentially reinforcing items to promote the participants' engagement and motivation.