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Análise e previsão de séries temporais via Facebook Prophet
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Borges, Mateus Penteado; Moura, Maria Sílvia de Assis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9410151859448447; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0335257151286262
Forecasting is an estimate or projection of what may happen in the future based on information and data available from the past and present. In other words, it is an attempt to make an informed guess about what is likely to occur in the future, using previous information and knowledge of the current context. Forecasting is applied in various areas such as cryptocurrencies, finance, weather, science, politics, and more. In the statistical approach, there are several ways to make forecasts. An example is the Exponential Smoothing method, known for its simplicity and ease of understanding, as its formulas are not overly complex. Additionally, we have Neural Networks, which are useful for capturing non-linear relationships present in the data, improving the accuracy of forecasts. The field of forecasting is constantly studied and improved by professionals who use it in their daily work. In 2017, two data scientists from Facebook developed an innovative technique called Facebook Prophet. This technique was created to address two issues found in traditional time series forecasting methods. The first concerns the inflexibility and fragility of completely automatic forecasting techniques to incorporate useful assumptions or heuristics. The second issue is related to the dependence on a skilled and competent data science analyst to use more robust tools. With the rise of cryptocurrencies in the current world, there is a growing interest among professionals in obtaining well-adjusted models for digital currencies. This enables them to position themselves appropriately regarding the issue of buying or selling these assets. In this work, three useful forecasting methods will be compared: Exponential Smoothing (Holt-Winters), Neural Networks, and Facebook Prophet. Some accuracy measures such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) will be used for the final selection of the best model.
Benchmark de chatbots para o redesign das interfaces conversacionais do projeto Amive
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Alves, Vanessa de Cássia; Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-8700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7192605107055817; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-4213
Major depression is a serious illness that affects more than 15% of the Brazilian population. Among university students, the prevalence is even higher. Researchers from the Amive project, funded by FAPESP, are training computational models to identify university students with a possible depressive profile. The model considers mobile sensors and Online Social Networks (RSO) data. The outputs of the classification model influence the delivery of interventions designed within the scope of the Amive project. Based on the classification, a chatbot starts conversations about determinants of mental suffering in the university context, offering health education content and pointing out support techniques and places. Therefore, these conversations must be carried out welcoming and intuitive. With this in mind, this undergraduate final work aims to explore successful chatbot solutions, to extract design elements to add to the Amive project proposal. To this end, a Benchmark was carried out with eight systems comparing aspects that included communication format, demonstration of user reaction to messages, and graphic representation (avatar). As a result, five suggestions for improvements to the design solution were listed and applied in a redesign process that generated a medium-fidelity prototype.
@nikolasferreiradm e o uso do Tiktok como ferramenta de comunicação política: os contornos de uma estratégia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Raimundo, Ana Beatriz Lopes; Iasulaitis, Sylvia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4226275371443693; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-1003
The present work aims to analyze the videos published by Nikolas Ferreira during the year 2022 on his account @nikolasferreiradm on TikTok, aiming to investigate three factors: the potential of TikTok as a political communication tool, the main arguments and devices of semiotic construction that are part of Nikolas’ communication Ferreira, and the construction of the figure of Nikolas Ferreira as a phenomenon of the new right Brazilian. To this end, Content Analysis was used as a method, enabling a qualitative study with greater depth of the data collected. Analysis results suggest communication based mainly on attacks on opponents concomitantly with a construction of oneself through differentiation from the ‘other’. Furthermore, it is notable the intense relationship between customs, religion and politics and also the promotion of controversies as an element that generates popularity.
Parâmetros para a impressão 3D de baixo custo de dispositivos para medição de ângulo de contato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Castanho, Maria Natalia; Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2807864150195202; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537
Narrativa reflexiva sobre uma experiência individual vivenciada no curso de medicina da Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Guarda, Samira Saad; Leal, Ângela Merice de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202663545989206
This text addresses a reflection on the practice of the Political-Pedagogical Project (PPP) in the Medicine Course at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) over six years. Initially, an overview of the PPP is presented, highlighting the importance as a strategic guide for educational institutions, aiming to integrate political, pedagogical, and administrative aspects. There is a reflection on the gap between the theoretical expectations of the PPP and the reality experienced during graduation, proposing the need for changes that consider the evolution of society and market demands. The method used consists of continuous reflective narrative throughout the years of graduation. The goal is to analyze the implementation of the PPP in practice and reflect on new perspectives introduced by a reformulation. The spiral is mentioned as part of the PPP, advocating the idea that learning is a continuous and non-linear process. Despite initial difficulties, it is importante to emphasize the benefits of the approach over the years, highlighting the gradual construction of knowledge and its practical application in medicine. The text also addresses criticisms and suggestions for optimization, especially related to time invested in practical activities, visits to health services, communication between students and teachers and evaluation methods.
Aplicação web para modelo de classificação da qualidade da argumentação em tweets no domínio da política brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Ribeiro, Ítalo Carvalho Vianelli; Lucrédio, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9090396559596221
In the contemporary Brazilian political scenario, argumentation on social media platforms, with a particular focus on Twitter (currently known as X), plays a fundamental role in shaping public opinion. Evaluating the quality of arguments in tweets is a challenge due to the platform's brevity and informality. This project aims to develop a browser extension, based on the ArgQ! model, developed as part of a doctoral research at PPGCC/UFSCar, to analyze the argumentative quality in political tweets. The methodology involves integrating a web interface with the ArgQ! model and conducting usability tests to validate the extension's intuitiveness and easiness of use. The test involved the participation of 20 individuals, focusing on evaluating the extension's interactivity, including the time taken to perform key functionalities and identifying any usability issues. The results revealed an intuitive extension, providing an effective tool for real-time critical and well-informed analysis of arguments. This study contributes to advancing the understanding and evaluation of argumentation in political contexts, enriching discourse on social media platforms.
Estudantes indígenas com deficiência na educação superior brasileira: revisão sistemática (2019 a 2023)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Silva-Atikum, Josineide Jacilda da; Corsi, Adriana Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5553922167803121; Orlando, Rosimeire Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-6146; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6740924428921187; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-6146
The present work presents the indigenous theme related to special education, thus expanding research on this topic, since there is not much work carried out in the area, which makes it difficult to find documents that provide some of the subject covered. This justifies the importance and relevance of this study in a country in which, according to IBGE data, the indigenous population exceeded 1.6 million people in 2022, being present in 86.7% of Brazilian municipalities, with many ) of them, people with disabilities who often do not have their rights enforced. The objective of this work is to identify the focus of Brazilian academic productions on indigenous students with disabilities in Higher Education, from 2019 to 2023. Based on the 2019 higher education census, on this public's access to federal institutions, and review of literature regarding the presence of indigenous students with disabilities in higher education, the present work verified publications in the SciELO, CAPES and BDTD databases. The results showed that despite the access and permanence policies, they in themselves do not guarantee the right of these students to higher education, thus opening the debate to the absence of students in this space, mainly due to the fact that the review showed a total of zero results on the presence of these students.
O contato com a hepatologia no curso de medicina na Universidade Federal de São Carlos: uma análise reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Szogyenyi, Gustavo Vieira; Costa, Rafael Izar Domingues da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2550120424751259; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2837-8772; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0060149952232328; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-5906
Liver diseases, whether chronic or acute, are part of a heterogeneous group of pathologies that are present in the daily routine of doctors in any environment in the healthcare system. Therefore, it is essential for medical students to learn about these diseases and provide adequate care for these patients. Therefore, this critical- reflexive narrative seeks to demonstrate contact with Hepatology in the medicine course at the Federal University of São Carlos, identifying the strengths and indicating possible points for improvement.
Modelo de classificação para dados desbalanceados: método SMOTE e variantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Nora, Andrielle Couto; Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-1108; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7319129806979557
Often, in classification models, we encounter databases that have highly imbalanced classes, such as: rare disease diagnostic data, manufacturing defects, fraudulent transactions, etc. Training a model on a dataset with few observations of a particular class results in poor predictive performance, especially for observations belonging to the minority class. In this Undergraduate Thesis, we present and compare different variants of the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE) method for oversampling imbalanced data used in classification models, specifically Logistic Regression, in order to demonstrate how these techniques can improve the ability to identify and predict observations from the minority class in realistic and imbalanced scenarios, as well as to determine which combination of sampling technique and Logistic Regression classification model leads to better performance.
Classificação binária de dados financeiros em problemas com classes desbalanceadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Moura, Lucas Fernando; Ferreira, Ricardo Felipe; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2355076087945221; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-0526; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1753635846383745
In order to mitigate the risks and uncertainties associated with credit granting, financial institutions are constantly exploring methods to enhance the credit evaluation system. In the same context, the growth in credit card transactions has led to an increase in fraud, resulting in billions of dollars in annual losses for financial institutions. Therefore, it is crucial for companies to effectively detect fraudulent transactions. One way to minimize losses due to default or fraud is to use statistical methods that yield results close to reality, presenting a low margin of error. However, the major challenge in executing this process is that such financial data is imbalanced, meaning there is a higher proportion of non-defaulting customers and legitimate transactions (majority groups) than delinquent customers and fraudulent transactions (minority groups). This imbalance leads to a classification bias, as learning algorithms tend to classify observations from the majority group better. In this context, this work aims to conduct a comparative study of the performance of support vector machines and logistic regression in classifying new sample units. This study will be carried out using three financial datasets with different degrees of imbalance, considering three contexts: (i) without applying any technique to handle the imbalance of the datasets; (ii) applying data preprocessing techniques to handle the imbalance of the datasets; and (iii) using the cost-sensitive version of the original classifiers to handle the imbalance of the datasets. The analysis of classifier performance will be based on measures derived from the confusion matrix that have been shown to be less sensitive to data imbalance, such as the G-mean, Matthews correlation coefficient, and F-score.
Aristóteles: fronteiras da política
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Leandro, Giácomo Fioritti; Lopes, Marisa da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5427042421727621; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-423X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8275598734162111; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4688-4329
In the Nicomachean Ethics, by emphasising the opposition between science, which is universal and necessary, and the field of action, which is particular and contingent, Aristotle presents the concept of φρόνησις, previously associated with theoretical philosophy, as an eminently practical virtue, more related to deliberation and to the figure of the politician. In the 20th century, it divided the interpretation of his practical philosophy into more intellectual and more empirical interpretations. On the one hand, it was thought that the moral agent would continue to rely above all on the knowledge of universal laws and principles of action, like Plato, and that it was simply up to the φρόνιμος to apply them to particulars, i.e. to realise this articulation, but without ceasing to understand, as a sage, the human ends. On the other hand, however, it has been argued that, now that a real "gap" has been created between the universal and the particular, the good agent, rather a prudent one, could only orient himself in the particular itself, and thus more properly know the most appropriate means for each circumstance in which he must act. Now, starting from the association between φρόνησις and politics, what we have pointed out is that Aristotle's reformulation raises not only the problem of the status of φρόνησις, but also the problem of the status of politics itself. Should politics, which finds its main exponent in the figure of the φρόνιμος, the prudent man or the man of practical wisdom, be concerned only with the choice of means or even with the ends of man? By pointing out the distance between theory and practice, did Aristotle really bring human affairs back to collective debates and back to the assembly deliberations? Or are there other boundaries to political knowledge?
Narrativa interconectada: uma escrita geográfica pelo cinema brasileiro contemporâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Ojeda, Giovanni Rei Ribeiro; Saraiva, Leandro Rocha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9499533247209958; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9371-7526; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4220445681030562; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0366-8615
This dissertation departs from narratological studies to present a brief investigation around the narrative construction of films in contemporary Brazilian cinema. It will be analyzed, in special, those structured by an interconnected writing model, a discourse responsible for interweaving multiple protagonist characters in their plots. For this, three geographical axes of greater expression on the national scene were selected: Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco and São Paulo, represented cinematographically in O primeiro dia (1999), Amarelo manga (2003) and Não por acaso (2007) – respectively released on over a decade. It is intended to address here how the multifocal mosaic of its narrative raises questions intrinsic to its social spaces, divided between violence, stratification and individual, and how this characteristic reflects on the search for a supposed idea of identity, spatialized amid the narrative threads plurality of its characters. The main objective of this research is to allude to some of the precepts raised by this network narrative system through the film analysis of the films mentioned. Thus, it is possible to achieve as a result, through the relationship between these works, a set of narrative codes directly permeated by correlated notions between the social fabric and the representation of cities.
O Sofrimento psíquico de mulheres sertanejas usuárias do CAPS de Quixadá - CE
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Castelo, Rejane Rodrigues Barbosa; Bleicher, Taís; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9075358493860166; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-3749; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3971774128212033; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7790-6429
The Northeastern Sertanejas Women emerge as one of the main protagonists of the current scenario of Psychosocial Care in the Sertão. They bring with them the demand presented in the form of psychic suffering to the Psychosocial Care Centers; Thus, the purpose of this research was to conduct a study on this psychological distress from a gender perspective and to evaluate its impacts on mental health. A reading was carried out in order to know the forms and factors potentially related to Psychic Suffering in women from the countryside; to illustrate a potential strategy of care for women from the countryside who use a CAPS and relate them to the Solidarity Economy in its pillars to think about social inclusion through the work of these women. The methodology used in this research followed a qualitative design, of an exploratory nature, using the triangulation of two methods: action research and content analysis. During the operationalization of the study, the conversation circle strategy was applied, where twelve women who presented similar complaints participated in the group, entitled "Atelier of Meaning". As a result, it was found that the northeastern sertanejo woman has a unique profile, is often conditioned to situations that cause her vulnerabilities such as: gender discrimination in the division of traditional family roles, living with stigma, the absence of autonomy to plan her actions and future and the absence of policies aimed at the subjective way of being in the world. Finally, it is of paramount importance to point out that the legislation related to mental health policies is complied with and implemented, there is a public budget for the allocation of resources that enable the realization of therapeutic projects in an effective way, citizen participation through participatory councils, which allow the women themselves to influence the decisions and monitoring of policies, especially local ones, as well as monitoring and evaluation by inspection bodies in order to assess whether the resources and objectives are obtaining the desired results, and finally the making of adjustments and improvements over time, ensuring the effectiveness of the actions implemented.
Microscopia eletrônica de varredura: aspectos instrumentais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Santos, Maria Júlia dos; Homem, Manoel Gustavo Petrucelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2059356773212608; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-664X
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) arose from the need to characterize materials on the nanometer scale, considering that until then, optical microscopes could only achieve resolutions of the order of micrometers. Since the beginning of the 20th century, many studies have been carried out by different scientists to arrive at the model of scanning electron microscope used today. It was from their discoveries, such as the fact that this type of microscope allows analyzing different types of samples, that SEM became one of the main characterization techniques in the field of science. Therefore, given the relevance of this equipment, it is extremely important that researchers have knowledge about its instrumental part. With this in mind, the present work seeks to show how a scanning electron microscope works, explaining each of its main components and giving a general overview of electronic optics, which is directly correlated to the subject. The first component presented was the electron gun, which talked about thermionic emission guns and tunneling emission guns, in addition to the three most common types of filament: tungsten (W), lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) and field emission gun (FEG). The second component was the lens system, where it was described how the lenses operate and the possible effects of aberrations. Finally, this work describes the third component, which are the detectors, explaining which device is used for each of the two most common signals generated during the scanning process, which are the secondary electron signal and the backscattered electron signal.
Delayed MTS(2s) e procedimentos de Training-IRAP: explorando eficácia, eficiência e seu formato de treino no estudo de relações derivadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-29) Silvestre, Marcello Henrique; Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-8948; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0686511228693584; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9968-0872
A common method for the study of derived relations is the Matching-to-Sample (MTS) preparation. However, certain aspects of the procedure arguably hinder the emergence of new relations, such as different sources of stimulus control. Consequently, the investigation of other procedures seems justified. The Training-IRAP may be a plausible alternative. The primary objective was to compare the effectiveness of Delayed MTS(2s) and Training-IRAP procedures in terms of participant derived relations yield. The secondary objective was to compare the average number of training blocks needed per procedure. Due to additional components in the Standard Training-IRAP not found in MTS, some edits were made to the former procedure yielding two new versions: the Modified Training-IRAP and Delayed Modified Training-IRAP(2s). Sixty-eight students participated, 17 per group. Nine participants met yield criteria in the Delayed MTS(2s) group, three in the Standard TrainingIRAP group, 11 in the Modified Training-IRAP group, and 12 in the Delayed Modified Training-IRAP(2s) group. The average number of blocks to complete training phases was lowest for the Delayed MTS(2s) and Delayed Modified Training-IRAP(2s) groups. The formats of the procedures and implications of the findings toward an overarching goal of greater precision, scope and depth in conceptual, experimental and applied settings are discussed