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Lógica fuzzy e o Poker : a Matemática para vencer a sorte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-15) Branquinho, Ana Clara Boscolo; Silveira, Graciele Paraguaia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6251988404047002; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-4841; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8239279257223074; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3490-5849
Poker is a highly popular card game worldwide, involving aspects such as strategy, technical skill, risk management, and luck, and is currently considered a mind sport. Due to the existence of monetary prizes for winners, the inherent complexities of this game are extensively studied to develop strategies aimed at improving the performance of players in high-level competitions, many of which are grounded in logic and mathematics. The objective of this dissertation was to develop a computational mathematical model based on fuzzy logic that classifies poker player profiles, specifically for the Texas Hold’em Online variant. The proposed methodology involves analyzing statistical data from players and consists of fuzzy modeling of critical variables related to the dynamics of the game. Inferences and defuzzification are performed using Mamdani and Center of Gravity methods and are computationally processed with the MATLAB fuzzy toolbox. The player data was extracted from the Poker Tracker platform, and access was facilitated through association with a professional player. Additionally, research and tests were conducted to determine standard reference values, ranges for class definitions, and validation of the results returned by the developed model. It is concluded that the model can predict actions a player might take at certain moments in the game and also their chances of success. This approach deepens the understanding of the complex
Efeitos da cloroquina sobre biomarcadores de peixe-zebra (Danio rerio)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-15) Ferreira, Marina Tauche; Francisco, Renata Fracácio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5643065656865773; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-2766; Carvalho, Cleoni dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7233550271936621; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-5239; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6650592278439411; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7817-142X
Chloroquine is used to treat malaria and autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, but its use increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic due to its recommendation as a prophylactic treatment. This increase in consumption, associated with inadequate disposal, resulted in the presence of the drug in wastewater and surface waters in several countries. In this context, this study aimed to compile environmental and ecotoxicological data on Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the aquatic environment and to reproduce in the laboratory a chronic toxicity test of Chloroquine Diphosphate (CQD), lasting 21 days, in a semi-static system, using the model species zebrafish (Danio rerio), exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations detected before the pandemic (0.6 µg/L) and during the pandemic (1.8; 5.4; 16.2 and 48.6 µg/L), to evaluate the changes caused by the drug. Biomarkers were analyzed in biochemical functions, including changes in the concentration of total proteins, glucose, triglycerides and immunoglobulins (Ig); enzymatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST); and oxidative stress measured by protein carbonyls (PCO) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs). Histological analyses evaluated gill, liver and kidney changes. Data were statistically compared between the control and exposed groups, using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-test, through the PAST® software. The results showed metabolic, enzymatic and histopathological disturbances in the organs from the concentrations recorded in surface waters (0.6 µg/L and 1.8 µg/L). In addition, the concentration of 1.8 µg/L was the most responsive to biomarkers of oxidative stress. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the most responsive biomarkers to DCQ exposures were AST enzyme activity, TBARs in the brain, dilation of the central venous sinus in the gills, hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei in the liver and reduction of Bowman's space in the kidney. The innovative aspect of this research lies in the understanding of the chronic toxicity of environmental concentrations of DCQ on biomarkers of D. rerio and underscores the importance of greater awareness about the responsible use and disposal of drugs, reinforcing the need for monitoring and remediation policies to protect water resources and aquatic life.
O ensino da função quadrática através de diferentes atividades práticas elaboradas para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-15) Braçale, Vinicius Cesar; Moura, Renato José de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5227908949297904; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470472451101524
Using practical methodologies in the classroom, this work presents a set of three activities to be applied in the classroom to assist in teaching quadratic functions in basic education. Each activity proposes to use a different methodological approach, the first being the realization of a game built in the GeoGebra software, the second a mathematical modeling on the oblique launch, and the last a practical activity proposing an investigation of the reflective property of the parabola through of constructing an experiment. The main objective of the sequence of activities presented here is to build material that can be used by mathematics teachers to teach this topic in different realities. The work presents a bibliographical research on the topic, addressing the theory necessary to understand the subject, and also describes the carrying out of qualitative research on one of its activities that was applied to a third-year high school class at a public school. In view of the analysis of the results, it can be seen that the application of the activity created a learning situation in which students were able to understand the quadratic function applied to a real situation, in the process they improved cooperation and teamwork skills, logical reasoning, in addition to recovering the concepts of the quadratic function. Thus, it was possible to understand how activities developed by active methodologies can construct different learning situations that stimulate the teaching of mathematics.
Colisões de aves em estruturas de vidro no campus de Sorocaba da Universidade Federal de São Carlos: uma ameaça que persiste
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-15) Lee, Stephanie Jin; Piratelli, Augusto João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-4007; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3581302428057569; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6324-361X
It is estimated that collisions with glass panes cause the death of over one billion birds annually in North America alone. These collisions mainly occur because birds struggle to perceive glass as an impassable barrier due to its reflectivity and transparency, combined with various physiological, anatomical, and behavioral factors. However, studies on this issue in Brazil are still limited, which is concerning given that the country has the second-highest bird diversity in the world. This study aimed to detect evidence of bird-glass collisions on the Sorocaba campus of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and to identify factors contributing to the frequency of these collisions. Additionally, we sought to estimate the persistence of bird carcasses in the environment and assess the negative effects of collisions on the physical condition of the birds to complement the collision data. Data on the number of collisions were collected through regular monitoring over one year. We also gathered information on building characteristics, their surroundings, and the biological traits of the species involved. To analyze whether there are differences in the number of collisions related to seasonality, building characteristics, surroundings, and species traits, we employed mixed generalized linear models (GLMMs) and univariate statistical analyses. For experimental trials, bird carcasses from collisions were placed around campus buildings and monitored to determine their average persistence in the environment and identify the species responsible for their removal. Necropsies and X-rays were conducted to identify injuries caused by these collisions. During the monitoring period, 152 pieces of collision evidence were collected; however, no significant difference was found between the number of collisions in the rainy and dry seasons. Additionally, no morphological predictor variables could explain the variability in collision numbers among species. Nonetheless, the area of transparent glass, total glass area, and black glass area in square meters were the predictor variables that best explained the number of collisions between buildings, with a positive correlation observed between these surface areas and the number of collisions. Carcasses had an average persistence of 110.69 ± 196.06 hours in the environment. Five species were identified as responsible for carcass removal: Homo sapiens sapiens, Cariama cristata, Coragyps atratus, Canis lupus familiaris, and Caracara plancus. Necropsies and X-rays revealed that the most common injuries in birds that collided with glass were fractures, cerebral hematomas, and cranial hemorrhages. This study provides evidence of bird collisions with glass structures at UFSCar Sorocaba, indicating that it is a high-risk area for such accidents. The monitoring methods used and the detrimental effects of these collisions on bird health were discussed. Urgent preventive measures are needed to mitigate this generally fatal threat.