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Identificação de ortólogos e famílias gênicas em dez espécies de abelhas com diferentes comportamentos sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-22) Melo, Sarah Calado Galvão de; Freitas, Flávia Cristina de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5139566975444110; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-4890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3238677734421627; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2812-3769
Gene sequences that share a common ancestry are known as homologous and can be classified into orthologs or paralogs. Paralogs originate from duplications of the ancestral gene in a given species and are responsible for the expansion of gene families, which are groups of genes that have similar functions. In contrast, orthologs arise from speciation events in which a gene of the common ancestry is maintained in the novel species. As they share a common origin, orthologs sequences from different species display high similarity. Therefore, frequently, the ortholog encoded proteins display conserved structure and function in different species. Thus, the identification of orthologs helps in the gene annotation of novel genomes and in the inference of the evolutionary relationship between species. In addition, the quantification and identification of gene family expansions can help us understand functional innovation in a genome, such as the eusociality of bees. Thus, this study aimed to identify create a database of orthologs for ten bee species with available genomes that differ in social behavior and to identify gene families, evaluating whether there was expansion or retraction in the studied species. For this purpose, the protein sequences of the species were aligned using DIAMOND and the Reciprocal Best Hit (RBH) approach was used to identify the best ortholog candidates, totaling 45 pairwise combinations between the 10 species. In parallel, the OrthoFinder tool was used to identify orthologs and paralogs between species. The RBH approach identified 4.979 1:1 orthologs and the OrthoFinder 5.755, with 4.347 genes identified as 1:1 orthologs by both approachesThe evaluation of gene families using the CAFE tool identified 200 unique expansions for at least one of the eusocial bee species, 83 in the simple social bees and only 6 in the solitary bees. In addition to identifying orthologs among the ten bee species, this work contributed to the creation of an automated analysis flow that can be modified to analyze genomic data from other species.
Violência contra mulher e terapia ocupacional: uma revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-22) Martins, Vitória Gonzalez; Oliveira, Marina Leandrini de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4017135326666314; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6783729394218225
Introduction: The phenomenon of violence is broad, complex, multi-determined and cross-sectional. It is a polysemic term and its conceptualization is based on different fields of knowledge. Among the processes of violence that take place in society, gender-based violence, more specifically violence against women, stands out in this research. In the context of professional debates on this issue, it is understood that occupational therapists play a meaningful role since as their work is deeply embedded in the daily lives of individual and communities directly affected by violence in its various forms and contexts in which it occurs. Objective: To do a scoping review of national and international literature, aiming to identify, systematize and analyse scientific production on the subject of violence against women in relation to occupational therapy, describing the possibilities of professional contributions in supporting women in situations of violence. Methodology: A scoping review of the literature is proposed. This methodology aims to map the main concepts that support a given field of research, as well as to identify the main sources and types of evidence available, especially in complex areas that have not been widely analysed. The procedures to be carried out are in line with the parameters presented by the approach, which are made up of five stages presented below: 1) Identifying of the research question; 2) Identification of relevant studies; 3) Selection of studies; 4) Data mapping; 5) Data synthesis. The research questions that guided the work were: What has been produced in the literature on violence against women in the interface with occupational therapy? What are the possibilities for the contribution of occupational therapists in accompanying women in situations of violence? Results: Three categories of analysis were outlined to highlight the main findings of the articles: a) “Identifying the types of violence against women in Occupational Therapy productions”, which highlighted domestic violence, specifically between intimate partners; b) “Women and their singularities in Occupational Therapy care in the context of violence”, which highlighted not only production aimed at women, including trans women and women with disabilities, but also students and professionals; and c) “Facing violence against women in Occupational Therapy care: conceptual bases and identified interventions”, highlighting technical actions such as: building bonds, conducting interviews, individual, family or group care and promoting social protection, health and well-being. Final considerations: Based on the results, the visibility of the theme is encouraged, with the aim of contributing to occupational therapists in their interventions and in their engagement in the struggles to reduce/eliminate harmful gender inequalities in societies.
As práticas da Terapia Ocupacional na Atenção Primária à Saúde à luz do Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica: diálogos possíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-22) Luiz, Patricia Moreira Dos Santos; Fornereto, Alana de Paiva Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0361502737203825
This work explores the interface between the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method (MTOD) and Primary Health Care (PHC). The study highlights that both MTOD and PHC share similar objectives, such as promoting autonomy, addressing the social and territorial context, providing comprehensive and expanded care, and emphasizing people’s social participation. Objective: To understand the common aspects between the theoretical and methodological references of MTOD and PHC, as well as to systematize the theoretical convergences resulting from this association. Methodology: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted using a qualitative approach. The research was carried out within the Primary Health Care network of a municipality in the interior of São Paulo, with the participation of occupational therapists working in PHC in this municipality. One professional from each health region was invited to participate. Regarding research procedures, semi-structured interviews and participant observation in their work environments were conducted. Results: The data were analyzed based on the fundamentals of MTOD identified in the participants’ statements, which included: the expansion and potential construction of daily life, the target subject with needs and/or desires, health, activities, social insertion, and therapist training. The findings revealed a convergence between the practices performed by occupational therapists in PHC and the principles of MTOD. Despite challenges in establishing these associations, subtle connections were identified, including: target subject and gateway; health and comprehensiveness; social insertion and community orientation; activities and comprehensiveness; and education and longitudinality. Conclusion: This research identified commonalities between the theoretical and methodological references of MTOD and PHC. It contributed to a deeper understanding of the role of occupational therapists in this context, offering insights for professionals in different areas. Furthermore, it provided professionals who use MTOD with the opportunity to recognize the interfaces of this approach with theoretical frameworks from other disciplines. The study underscores the need for further research to deepen knowledge and address gaps in the literature.
Aprendizado de máquina supervisionado e não supervisionado aplicado ao monitoramento da qualidade de águas superficiais e subterrâneas na bacia do Rio Mogi Guaçu (UGRHI-9)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-22) Cristovam, Gabriella Borges; Santos, Franciane Mendonça; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5344692835119505; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8506-2731; Pelinson, Natalia de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7546156506679687; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4370-9146; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8493770064517005; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3063-9827
Environmental monitoring of surface and groundwater is fundamental to preserving water quality and the health of different ecosystems. Considering the difficulties in the monitoring process, which is highly time-consuming and costly, this work aims to integrate data science tools, particularly machine learning (ML) methods, into natural water quality monitoring based on historical data from the São Paulo State Environmental Company (CETESB). By means of supervised learning (Multiple Linear Regression and Random Forest), the models were trained to predict the IQA (Water Quality Index), obtaining excellent test results for both models (Regression with R² of 0.97 and RMSE of 2.37 and Random Forest with R² of 0.92 and RMSE of 0.06), thus allowing the prediction of surface water quality in the future. Similarly, unsupervised learning (PCA, K-Means and DBSCAN) was applied in order to detect patterns, analyze correlations and reduce the dimensionality of the variables, which could have generated better results if more data had been available. In general, however, the algorithms provided satisfactory results that could reduce the time and costs involved in monitoring water quality.