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Inteligência artificial e computação quântica para solução de problemas de logística industrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Valério, Amanda Gabriela
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-786X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1235684956629075
The warehouse management problem discussed in this dissertation consists of optimizing the allocation of items in a storage system ordered similarly to a queue and minimizing reallocations of these items. For this purpose, this research proposes three strategies: Quantum Annealing, Simulated Annealing and a Recommendation System, the latter also responsible for generating parameters for the other methods. The results showed that the Recommendation System stood out in terms of processing time and significantly reduced reinsertions. On the other hand, Simulated Annealing achieved even better results, with a significant reduction in the number of reinsertions compared to the company's current method. Both methods revealed practical potential and viable integration into industrial systems. In the quantum approach, despite restrictions on the instances executed, the evolution of the system's energy indicates competitive potential in relation to Simulated Annealing, especially considering the expected advances in fault-tolerant computers. Although currently quantum computers are limited and susceptible to a considerable level of noise, the results obtained already point to practical and promising applications. In addition, a connection was identified between the Lift metric for association rule and the g^(2)(τ) correlation function of quantum optics. On this basis, a study was started to verify the feasibility of developing a quantum recommendation algorithm, whose initial discussions are presented at the end of the dissertation.
O papel das amizades na vida da mulher diante de experiências de violência por parceiro íntimo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Luque, Marjhorie Bocchi
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D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-0616
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7027925109923097
Friendship is an important source of well-being, providing social support and shared experiences. In intimate partner violence (IPV) contexts, a woman's support network may weaken, leading to social isolation and making it harder to seek help. This study aimed to investigate the functions of friendship, comparing women who were victims and non-victims of IPV, as well as those who cohabited or did not cohabit with their partners, and to analyze the relationship between types of violence experienced and friendship functions. A total of 118 cisgender women participated, aged between 18 and 44 years (M=23.5; SD=4.2). All participants completed the McGill-UFRGS Scale and the adapted version of the WHO VAW Study instrument. Results indicated that participants evaluated their friendships positively, citing more female than male friends. The most valued friendship functions were help, self-validation, and intimacy. No significant differences were found between IPV victims and non-victims, nor between those who cohabited and those who did not. Women who cohabited reported higher levels of emotional violence and total IPV scores. A weak but significant negative correlation was found between reliable alliance and emotional violence, as well as total IPV scores, suggesting that having loyal friendships may serve as a protective factor. The study highlights the importance of strengthening intimate friendships among women experiencing IPV.
Perfil cardiorrespiratório de pacientes com Osteoartrite de Joelho: estudo caso- controle
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Nazario, Ana Karoline
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Santos, Patrícia dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0359139542962460
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6936
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Serrão, Paula Regina Mendes da Silva
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative disease that affects functionality and quality of life, representing one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Although aerobic exercise is widely recommended, there are still disagreements regarding its prescription, possibly due to a limited understanding of the cardiorespiratory profile of this population. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the cardiorespiratory profile of individuals with KOA and to compare their functional performance and physical activity levels with individuals without the disease. Methods: Case-control study conducted according to STROBE guidelines. Participants included individuals with and without KOA (aged 40–65 years), who underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and functional tests, including the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 30-second sit-to-stand test (STS), timed up and go (TUG), stair climb test (SCT), and 40-meter walk test (40MWT). Cardiorespiratory variables were analyzed before, during, and after the tests. Statistical analyses were performed using SigmaPlot 11.0 software, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: The study included 32 individuals with KOA and 27 controls. The KOA group showed lower aerobic functional capacity (V̇O2PEAK: 22.80 vs. 28.30 ml/kg/min, p ≤ 0.001), poorer performance in functional tests (6MWT: 444.19 vs. 593.74 m, p ≤ 0.001; TUG: 9.74 vs. 7.53 s, p ≤ 0.001), and hemodynamic alterations in response to exercise, with increased blood pressure and impaired heart rate recovery. They also exhibited lower levels of physical activity. Conclusion: Individuals with KOA demonstrated reduced aerobic and physical functional capacity, as well as altered hemodynamic responses to exercise. These findings highlight the importance of an integrated assessment for designing personalized exercise programs aimed at improving functionality and quality of life in this population.
Experiência do usuário em uma intervenção programada remota digital para pessoas com demência e cuidadores: um estudo piloto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Alves, Dayane Ferreira
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Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-0251
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Castro, Paula Costa
Introduction: According to the literature, individuals living with dementia may benefit more from cognitive stimulation interventions conducted in the comfort of their homes rather than in community centers. However, there is a paucity of research on the user experience in developing online cognitive training for individuals with dementia, delivered through remote digital devices. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the feasibility of such interventions, considering the unique needs and challenges faced by this population. Objective: To evaluate the usability and acceptability of a digital remote programmed intervention with focus on monitoring for people with dementia and carers. Method: Pilot feasibility study with mixed methods approach and focus group. The sample was composed of 19 participants from a cognitive training program in-person at the Gerontology outpatient clinic of HU-UFSCar, 10 people with dementia and nine caregivers, divided into two groups: Intervention, composed of nine participants; and Control, with 10 members. The allocation was made in a non-probabilistic way, respecting the order of arrival and acceptance to participate in the research. The intervention group participated in a cognitive stimulation training during the academic recess, with tasks focused on memory and temporal orientation. These activities were monitored through the Experience and Programmed Intervention Sampling Method (ESPIM), ensuring continuous and personalized monitoring. On the other hand, the control group performed the same tasks in printed format, but without the monitoring provided by ESPIM. The outcome measures included adherence rate, System Usability Scale (SUS) and feedback through a post-intervention focus group. The analysis of qualitative data was performed from the technique of Content Analysis of Bardin. For the analysis of quantitative data, the t-test was applied to paired samples, the exact Fisher test and the chi-square test, using the Action software. Results: Eleven participants returned to the outpatient clinic to participate in the cognitive stimulation workshop, of whom nine belonged to the intervention group. Usability scores ranged from “good” (57.5) to “best imaginable” (100.0). Focus group analysis revealed five categories: experience with the activities, platform usability, impact on caregivers, social support, and suggestions for improvement. Conclusion: The findings suggest that remote digital interventions can effectively meet the needs of individuals with dementia and carers, offering a user-centered approach to enhance cognitive stimulation programs. These results may contribute to the development of personalized interventions, fostering advances in healthcare services for this population.
Produção do comum e políticas de saúde mental infantojuvenis: convergências e distanciamentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Rocha, Laura Sanches
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Ferigato, Sabrina Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-7225
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2314275154419198
Public policies for child and adolescent mental health in Brazil have a recent history of institutionalization, dating back approximately the last twenty-five years. Since then, mental health care for children and adolescents has been shaped by the understanding of these individuals as subjects of rights and by the guarantee of their care in freedom, following the principles of the Psychiatric Reform and Human Rights. In parallel, the interdisciplinary concept of the “production of the common” has gained prominence as a political principle aimed at opposing the neoliberal and capitalist way of life. This concept, inspired by the Philosophy of Difference, has been explored in the field of Collective Health, emphasizing collective, community-based, and participatory practices, and it may enter into dialogue with the assumptions of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. This research seeks to build a bridge between child and adolescent mental health policies and the concept of the production of the common, identifying, through the discourse present in key policy documents, possible correlations—whether potentially conducive to or suppressive of the production of the common. The general objective of this project is to analyze how the production of the common correlates with federal mental health policies for children and adolescents. To this end, the following specific objectives are proposed: (a) to map and analyze official documents that support child and adolescent mental health policies in Brazil; and (b) to identify correlations between the statements guiding public mental health policies for children and adolescents and the production of the common. To achieve these objectives, a document analysis methodology is employed, structured in the following stages: identification of the main documents to be analyzed, floating reading, selective reading, categorization of selected excerpts, and descriptive and reflective data analysis. Preliminary results indicate possible dialogues between the discourses of child and adolescent mental health policies and the production of the common, which were systematized into two axes: (1) Discourses potentially conducive to the common (including topics such as Guarantee of rights, Social inclusion, Social control, Territory, Work and network articulation, Collective care proposals, Intersectoriality, Universal access to services, Collaborative work, Health as a process of production, Subject autonomy, Comprehensiveness, Support for teamwork, and Horizontality); and (2) Discourses potentially suppressive of the common, which include practices and narratives that may inhibit common-producing practices (such as the Risk of pathologizing childhood and adolescence, and Fragmented work processes). It is expected that the results of this research will contribute to the improvement of intersectoral policies aimed at children and adolescents, to the fields of Mental Health and Collective Health, as well as to the field of Occupational Therapy.
Aplicação do Algoritmo LIME para explicar como classificadores black-box usam atributos na tomada de decisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Arruda, Vinicius Gonçalves
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Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
With the recent popularization of generative artificial intelligence, there has been an increase in concern about making understandable the determining criteria used by models to answer questions proposed by users. In this work, we sought to use Explainable AI (XAI) techniques to clarify the functioning of black-box models, those in which the path taken by the algorithm to find the answer offered is not clear. The concern about the explainability of an AI model is mainly to ensure reliability and monitor possible ethical and rights failures, such as: prejudice, discrimination, invasion of privacy, among other problems that training can cause. The black-box model chosen was the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and we sought to increase its explainability by applying the LIME Algorithm. The application aimed to understand the weight assigned to the attributes in the MLP decision. To this end, a weighted kNN algorithm was adjusted with the assignment of the weights found by the importance ranking of the attributes generated by LIME when applied to the MLP. Finally, performance measures such as execution time, precision, accuracy, recall, F1 Score and Jaccard were analyzed to compare the MLP with a white-box classifier, kNN. The results obtained suggest that there is an increase in the explainability of the MLP using XAI techniques and that the average performance of LIME improves the expressiveness of the global influence of the attributes in the classification model.
Contribuições bourdieusianas para o ensino fundamental: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
D'Aflita, Isabella Porto Chemello
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Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-9400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9846233868147960
The present research aims to analyze the contributions of national and international academic production through the Bourdieusian framework for elementary education from 2020 to March 2024, with the objective of understanding its potential for a theory of practice. To achieve this, a bibliographic research approach is proposed, utilizing a systematic literature review to gather national and international articles that adopt a framework based on Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology for the educational field. A systematic review seeks scientific articles published within a specific time frame and filters them based on pre-established criteria. In this research, the criteria considered are articles that discuss elementary education and incorporate Pierre Bourdieu's work for analysis. The review identified a total of 1,112 articles, with 749 from the SciELO platform and 363 from the ERIC platform. After applying filters and inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine articles were selected from both platforms. The selected articles were organized based on the Bourdieusian concepts used, the methodology employed, and the criteria for appropriation of Bourdieu’s theory as proposed by Catani, Catani, and Pereira (2001). We found that five of the nine articles appropriately adopted Pierre Bourdieu’s work, effectively using the concepts and seeking to maintain a praxeological approach throughout the research, while also contributing relevant reflections within the logic of practice. Due to the scarcity of productions and the results found in the reviewed articles, it is evident that there is a need for greater articulation between theory and practice to contribute to the development of a new practical sense within the field of elementary education. It is hoped that this study can contribute to a better understanding of Pierre Bourdieu's work and its implications for educational practice in elementary education.
Técnicas estendidas aplicadas à performance com instrumento de percussão e processamento digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Damin, Richard Rodrigues de Freitas
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Nespoli, Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0482744763085170
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-1949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4780289065416279
This work aims at artistic innovation and the exploration of new sounds in musical performance with percussion instruments, focusing on contemporary music and the realm of extended techniques. The study investigates and analyzes the processes that enable the creation and performance of music grounded in the concept of extended techniques. The objective is to examine musical works developed within this context and to apply the concept in a composition created by the author.
Análise de expressão diferencial entre estágios de desenvolvimento de Mahanarva Spectabilis (hemiptera) para prospecção de genes alvos no controle mediado por RNAi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Gonçalves, Gustavo Fernando Ferreira
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Fuentes, Andrea Soares da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2426157257540389
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-1136
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Vigna, Bianca Baccili Zanotto
The pasture leafhopper Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) is considered a key pest of pastures, as it sucks sap from the xylem and can lead to losses of up to 20% in biomass production in grasses. Resistance to these attacks is a desirable characteristic in any forage cultivar to be launched in Brazil, in addition to other large grasses (such as sugar cane) which are also affected. The search for ecologically sustainable ways to manage insect pests involves the use of molecular tools such as RNA interference (RNAi). This mechanism is used as a method of inducing resistance which has the advantages of greater target specificity, greater control efficiency and less impact on the ecosystem. In order to develop biodefense products using RNAi technology, certain steps are important, such as finding candidate target genes to be silenced so that the dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) developed does not find targets in cultivated plants or in non-target organisms (“off targets”). In addition, the target genes need to be involved in physiological processes that are critical for the insect's survival, so that when they are silenced they generate a preferentially lethal phenotype. In this study we reassembled the transcriptome of M. spectabilis from egg, nymph and adult samples, investigated the existence of the RNAi mechanism in the organism and prospected for target genes to be silenced. The transcriptome obtained was considered adequate in terms of size and representation of the RNAs provided, with 197,003 contigs, 25,492 of them (12.94%) with positive annotation in Blast, an average size of 364 bp per contig, N50 of 853 bp and 34.48% GC content. The results reveal the high number of transcripts referring to essential components in the RNAi response found in the transcriptome (such as Dicer 1-2, Argonauta 1-2-3, Piwi, Spindle, Gawky, Armi, among others), indicating the feasibility of using this tool to control the insect. Gene expression analysis categorized 10,928 contigs (5.54%) present in the transcriptome as DEGs, with the comparisons of eggs with adults being the most distinct and small nymphs with large nymphs being the most similar. In addition, from the function and expression analysis, five genes involved in different key stages of insect survival and with high expression (V-ATPase, trehalase, calmodulin, apolipoprotein D and hexokinase type 2) were selected as possible targets for a dsRNA that would direct efficient and specialized silencing.
"Erros de português" na busca do Google: uma análise sociolinguística do conteúdo encontrado em textos ranqueados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Antunes, João Roberto
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Biazolli, Caroline Carnielli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7908630593356660
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8578-8102
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2815926373042516
El concepto de error que circula ampliamente en las gramáticas – en este caso, en la gramática normativa – y en los manuales de periódicos, pero que, obviamente, se extiende hacia otras esferas de la vida cotidiana de los brasileños, según Possenti (2002), está bastante involucrado con todo aquello que escapa a la variedad que se eligió como un ejemplo de “buen uso de la lengua”. Por ese motivo, es muy común la diseminación de algunos mitos como: i) “El brasileño no sabe portugués”, ii) “El correcto es decírselo así pues se escribe así” y/o iii) “Es necesario saber la gramática para hablar y escribir bien” (Bagno, 1999). Con esa generalización del imaginario de la gramática normativa como un parámetro unificador de la lengua, se nota el prejuicio y la intolerancia lingüística hasta en el ambiente digital. Buscando comprender un poco más esos movimientos, esta Tesis de Conclusión de Carrera tiene como corpus algunos contenidos de blogs y artículos de sitios web ranqueados en la primera página de Google, cuando el usuario hace la búsqueda activa con la palabra clave “erros de português”. De acuerdo con Semrush, herramienta paga de marketing digital que disponibiliza datos sobre las consultas de los usuarios y el ranking en los resultados de Google, la estimación de volumen de búsquedas para “erros de português” es de 590 búsquedas mensuales – sin llevar en cuenta las variaciones de campo semántico de la construcción. Por medio de un aporte teórico basado en la Sociolingüística – en nociones referentes a la heterogeneidad inherente y sistemática de las lenguas y a la pluralidad de normas lingüísticas –, se busca comprender cómo esos blog posts y artículos de sitios web se estructuran, cuáles son las huellas de prejuicio lingüístico presentes en ellos (sin la intención de definir las instituciones o autores individuales como culpables, sino de destacar como el denominado círculo vicioso del prejuicio lingüístico (Bagno, 1999) se extiende y se solidifica) y, aún, debater siete “errores” de naturaleza morfosintáctica listados en el blog post que se presenta en la primera posición del ranking del buscador (“102 erros de português mais comuns para você nunca mais cometer!”), a partir de una perspectiva descriptivista de la lengua, con base en el estudio de Bagno (2012). Como conclusiones de esta investigación, se destaca la necesidad de una educación sociolingüística en lo que respecta al entendimiento de la noción de “error” en las clases de Lengua Portuguesa de la Educación Básica, etapa esencial en la construcción del pensamiento crítico, con el hecho de que se pueda alcanzar el respeto lingüístico (Scherre, 2021) no solamente en el ambiente de la escuela, sino también en el inconmensurable espacio de la web.
Viabilidade da aplicação de redes neurais para a correção de erros de segmentação em vasos sanguíneos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Furuyama, Jayme Sakae dos Reis
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Comin, Cesar Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563440403120931
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-4982
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0679740960491954
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) represented a significant milestone for several areas of computer vision, being widely used in tasks such as image classification, segmentation and object detection, both in research and in industry. In particular, these networks promoted important advances in the biomedical field, where they are applied to the segmentation of microscopy and X-ray images, helping to identify possible anomalies in blood vessels. However, diagnostic accuracy can be compromised by the presence of errors or discontinuities in the vascular segments extracted by a CNN. Faced with this challenge, this study seeks to evaluate the feasibility of using a second neural network to correct errors in the results of a CNN. To this end, artificial images representing the geometry of blood vessels using Bézier curves were generated, allowing the CNN's ability to restore incomplete segments to be tested. Based on this approach, CNNs were trained on different datasets, varying the number of segments and the degree of discontinuity of the branches. The results demonstrated that the network was effective in correcting the segmentations, achiving high values in quality metrics. However, as the removal of parts os vessels increased, the model had difficulty identifying clear patterns for reconstruction, mainly due to the complexity of the curve, thus compromising the continuity of the segments. In order to improve the results, two loss functions were also tested: cross-entropy and Tversky. Although the overall difference in segmentation quality was small, the Tversky function showed promising results in cases of small removals, demonstrating better recovery of lost segments.
Meu diploma do ensino médio: um estudo de caso sobre responsabilidade social corporativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Araujo, Angelina Ferreira de
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Nhacuongue, Januário Albino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0372192175262438
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-1306
En los últimos años, las nuevas generaciones han exigido más responsabilidad a las empresas en relación con cuestiones consideradas importantes en la sociedad. Con el crecimiento de las redes sociales, los consumidores vigilan cada vez más las acciones de las empresas, para que nada pase desapercibido al público. En este contexto, destaca la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC), en la que las empresas promueven cada vez más acciones o proyectos sociales relacionados con temas relevantes para la sociedad y presentes en su ecosistema. En estas circunstancias, el marketing tiene el papel de promover la imagen de la marca y dar a conocer sus propósitos y acciones. A la luz de lo anterior, este estudio buscó explorar la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo refleja la iniciativa «Mi diploma de secundaria» las prácticas de responsabilidad social corporativa de la empresa de reparto y cuáles son sus impactos sociales? Mediante una revisión bibliográfica, se estudió el tema de la responsabilidad social corporativa para comprender su concepto; también mediante una revisión bibliográfica, se buscaron estrategias y tácticas de marketing digital para demostrar el impacto que este proyecto ha tenido en los miembros implicados, así como datos que demuestren que el programa ha tenido resultados positivos. Las principales conclusiones de la investigación son que el programa ha tenido un impacto social significativo, fomentando la inclusión educativa y ampliando las oportunidades de los repartidores, empleados y propietarios de restaurantes. Los resultados positivos incluyen un aumento de los ingresos y del interés por continuar sus estudios, lo que refuerza el compromiso de la empresa con la responsabilidad social y fortalece su imagen de marca socialmente responsable. Para seguir analizando el impacto, los estudios futuros deberían incluir la recopilación de datos cualitativos, como entrevistas con los participantes, así como estudios comparativos con otras iniciativas y un análisis más profundo de puntos como la dimensión jurídica de la responsabilidad social de las empresas.
Anderson localization of light in two dimensions
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Fuzita, Alexandre Jitsuo
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Bachelard, Romain Pierre Marcel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4344589799192534
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0065437538015003
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7445-8047
Anderson localization is a physical phenomenon that occurs when waves propagate in disordered media. However, there is no conclusive observation of the existence of electromagnetic wave localization in three dimensions, most likely due to its vectorial nature. Interestingly, two-dimensional media possess both scalar and vector scattering channels for light, with localization in the former, and absence of localization in the latter where polarization effects must be taken into account. One characteristic of Anderson localization is the decay of the dimensionless conductance (also called Thouless number) with the system size ,according to the so-called scaling theory. For example, in a 2D dense system the vector channel has a conductance nearly constant with respect to the size of the system, whereas the scalar channel present an exponential decay. This work is devoted to studying the influence of the near-field and polarization coupling terms in the transport of 2D systems, in the limit of low density and large size. Indeed, the polarization-coupling term which prevent light localization in the vector channel is expected to be very weak, so localization may occur in this limit. We consider a two-dimensional circular cloud of point-like scatterers in a two-dimensional vacuum. Numerical simulations are realized to study the conductance as the system size increases, tuning the scatterers density.We present preliminary results on the scaling of the dimensionless conductance in the limit of decreasing densities, giving hints on the behaviour of localization in low-density 2D systems.
Aprimoramento e análise da eficácia da ferramenta js-distributor em projetos de desenvolvimento de software baseados em microsserviços
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Araujo Filho, Romeu Leite de
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Lucrédio, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9090396559596221
This work aims to enhance and analyze the effectiveness of the js-distributor tool in software development projects based on microservices. The microservices architecture is widely adopted due to its flexibility, allowing different components to be developed and deployed independently. However, defining the architecture and decomposing monolithic systems into microservices is still challenging, primarily due to the lack of automated tools that efficiently support the final stage of this transition. js-distributor allows transforming monolithic code into microservices while preserving the original application logic and facilitating its deployment in production environments. This research presents an analysis of the tool in different scenarios, highlighting improvements made to expand possible use cases and refactor logic involving callbacks (function calls passed as parameters), as migrating this type of logic to microservices can be challenging. Tests conducted demonstrated that the tool was effective in generating microservices from the implemented improvements.
Relações de amizade para usuários da saúde mental: um estudo exploratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Baratela, Laís Riviera
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Morato, Giovana Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2928616003881655
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9477088434392565
In the 1970s and 1980s, Brazil underwent profound changes, including in the area of mental health, driven by the Psychiatric Reform. This reform encompassed conceptual, technical, sociocultural, and legal aspects, emphasizing the importance of social networks for the inclusion and increased social participation of mental health service users. However, many individuals face challenges in establishing and strengthening these networks due to social stigma and the isolation caused by mental illness. Friendship plays a crucial role in mental health; individuals with strong social ties tend to exhibit lower levels of anxiety and depression, serving as a source of support during crises. Promoting friendship formation should be an integral part of mental health care, as meaningful relationships are essential for improving users' quality of life and providing protective factors. Consequently, this research aimed to investigate and understand the role, function, and importance of friendships for users of CAPS II (Psychosocial Care Centers). This exploratory study utilized a qualitative approach and involved ten users from a CAPS II in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo state. Data collection employed two semi-structured interview guides based on participants' responses to the question: "Do you have friends?" If the answer was affirmative, Guide 1 was used; if negative, Guide 2 was applied. The collected data were transcribed and subjected to Thematic Analysis, resulting in three thematic categories: "Who am I in this conversation about friendship?", "Friendship for what and where?", and "What is the importance of having a friendship?". The analysis revealed that most participants have friendships and express a desire to make new friends. They also shared difficulties in establishing trust and factors limiting their ability to form new connections. It was noted that most friendships occur in other social spaces, with four participants mentioning church as a context for friendship, while only one person identified CAPS as such a space. Finally, it is suggested that further research should be conducted on this topic to generate knowledge and develop new strategies that support mental health users in building, maintaining, and expanding their friendships. It is argued that care must include strengthening users' social networks and expanding opportunities for sociability in their communities as a means to enhance inclusion.
A conversa, a escuta e as cartas como modo de pesquisa-VIDA-formação: matizes para uma educação na/da diferença junto a professoras de crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Rocha, Simone de Paula
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Aygadoux, Bárbara Cristina Moreira Sicardi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746628149674449
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-459X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0996833794539627
This is a research entangled by ConversActions others in the/of with the school routine. I choose colors for the paletteresearch with shades of listening and of talking, with a political epistemological choice which prioritizes life in its multiples versions and helps us to not forget that we are humans. In this process of narrating life, I bring to the conversationresearch the metaphor with the ribbon colors that compose the symbol of autism, in a perspective other of dialoguing with a theme, since this composition arises from my own life story of mother of a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder -ASD and teacher of the Specialized Educational Assistance -AEE. The nuances of the research are constituted from the proposal of an extension course for the teachers that act in the AEE, in a movement woven in the/of and through research-LIFE-education and it is linked to the Federal University of São Carlos and the Regional Board of Education - DRE of the Rondonópolis-MT Pole. The study proposes to biographize the experiences that compose the teaching work of the teachers in the assistance to children with ASD. I choose as methodological device the Pedagogical Letters and establish as objective comprehending, from the narratives the way in which the teaching knowledges are (re)known, (re)dimensioned and constitute the assistance of the ASD students, in the state network of the Rondonópolis-MT Pole and in Pole 16 of the State of São Paulo. The thesis is organized in Mailboxes with Pedagogical Letters parting from the colors which compose the ribbon symbol of autism. Each Mailbox brings the weaving of the movement of research in/of/with the school routine and tone meaningful reflections in the field of Special Education. In the inset of the colors and shades of the writingresearch I find in Josso the tone of the life stories. With Passeggi and Souza the nuances that sustain the research in the (Auto)biographical approach. In Freire the in-between tones in the dialogicity. Freitas, arrives and composes the palette with the device of the Pedagogical Letters. Skliar, brings the nuances of listening and of talking. I defend that biographize the voices that echo the school routines is sheltering a timespace other, in a logic which embraces the listening of the senses, a sensitive listening, in a journey that begins with the listening of our own and the conscience of the (co)existence. A movement of learningteaching of how we see, feel and think in the/of difference. The research enunciates a perspective of self-education and Converseducation from the experiential knowledges inhabited in the centrality of the pedagogical constructions and, announces a convers(action) in a horizontal movement of conversation, listening and writing which is done in the art of the encounter between the pauses of time and the time necessary for the pauses.
Ocupações com indicação de tecnologia assistiva em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista por terapeutas ocupacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Ferreira, Kétlin Cristina
;
Agnelli Martinez, Luciana Bolzan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6769528949964873
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0873-9806
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6384122593034093
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have their occupations affected by issues related to delayed development of performance components and changes in sensory processing. Despite the current broad discussion on intervention strategies and approaches with this population, little emphasis is placed on the indication and use of Assistive Technology (AT) as an important intervention resource to promote the participation and engagement of children with ASD in occupations. In this sense, this research aims to contribute to the production of knowledge in the area, starting from the perspective of occupational therapists. Objective: To map the resources, strategies and devices of Assistive Technology indicated by occupational therapists in the occupations of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methodology: This is an exploratory, descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative approaches, which began with the construction of a specific questionnaire, approved by evaluators with experience in the area, aimed at occupational therapists. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis, data categorization and visual maps. Results: After extensive dissemination, 37 occupational therapists who work with children with ASD in 11 Brazilian states participated, providing services in private offices or clinics (67.6%) and the other 32.4% distributed in Associations of Parents and Friends of Exceptional Children (APAEs), Specialized Rehabilitation Centers (CERs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), as well as Associations and centers related to ASD and Regular Schools. It was possible to identify that there are AT resources, devices and strategies that can be used within children's occupations: play, social participation, education and activities of daily living (feeding, bathing, personal/sanitary hygiene, dressing and undressing) of children with ASD, such as the use of visual cues, communication resources and changes in the strategy for carrying out the activity. The results showed that although all occupations presented indications for the use of AT, education and ADL personal hygiene/sanitary activities stood out with the highest number of indications. In the activity of personal hygiene, visual cues stood out, in play the use of offers and strategies for self-regulation was the most selected, in education, adaptations and/or making adapted materials was the most indicated. The category of assistive technology most mentioned by the participants was “aids for daily living and practical life” with 97.3% and the category of augmentative and alternative communication with 83.8%. Although occupational therapists consider it important for clinical practice and in children's occupations, the search for references for assistive technology is little compared to its importance and the indication of AT has been presented more with the term resources and adaptations rather than assistive technology itself. Final considerations: Assistive technology is among the different intervention strategies that can be adopted with children with ASD and were associated with different children's occupations, with emphasis on Education, which had all assistive devices selected by more than half of the participants, as well as the ADLs that were presented with emphasis on specific needs for indication for each of them.
Proposta colaborativa para elaboração de um plano de ação embasado no currículo funcional natural em um hospital de retaguarda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Rossini, Maria Gabriella
;
Gonçalves, Adriana Garcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3907378784787581
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-2001
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2044696794868735
The Natural Functional Curriculum proposes teaching methods centered on the learning of adaptive skills in real-life contexts, with a focus on autonomy and functionality, and is widely used in Special Education. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an action plan based on this curriculum for a patient with cerebral palsy, through collaborative work among hospital professionals. It is a descriptive, qualitative, and collaborative study conducted in a long-term care hospital in the interior of São Paulo, which serves patients full-time with high levels of dependency and clinical complexity. Five members of the multidisciplinary team and one adult patient, institutionalized for approximately forty years, participated in the study. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation of the hospital routine, and individual meetings with professionals for the construction of the action plan. After data collection, the plan was evaluated by the team, by a hospital manager, and presented to the patient, who also contributed suggestions. The resulting plan was described as a document that includes objectives, goals, strategies, methods for implementing interventions, resources, and evaluation criteria. The professionals highlighted the practical applicability of the proposal within the hospital routine, with the potential for extension to other patients. It is concluded that the development of an action plan based on the Natural Functional Curriculum, with the active participation of the multidisciplinary team and patient-centered focus, contributes to the effectiveness of interventions and the promotion of socio-emotional skills in the hospital setting.
Atuação docente no contexto socioeducativo: investigação da educação na medida de internação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Scalvi, Gustavo Fernandes
;
Domeniconi, Camila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0486-3543
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3119502286849451
The comprehension of what defines infancy and adolescence comes from considering their social and historical construction. In Brazil, legal advances are noticeable, primarily established in the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente and in the paradigm of integral protection, which consider children and adolescents as people in development, endowed with rights and fundamental guarantees. However, old issues persist, especially when looking at the socio-educational measures system, where young black and poor people are the majority in situations of restriction or deprivation of liberty. Considering the legal premises that advocate for the socio-educational measure as eminently pedagogical, this work seeks to investigate the teacher’s role in the socio-educational context. In Study 1, an integrative literature review was conducted based on the combination of descriptors in the Scielo, BVS, and CAPES databases about the production of evidence regarding teaching in socio-education, with 17 articles being selected. The results point to several issues, especially those related to the development of specific policies, adequate working conditions, and initial and continuous training. On the other hand, recent studies were found that approach the concept of education as a mechanism of (re)insertion into society and the development of innovative pedagogical practices specific to the context. In Study 2, through the online application of a quantitative-qualitative questionnaire with 19 teachers from the Fundação CASA, the aim was to study the role of educators in the internment measure in the state of São Paulo. The results indicate a lack of prior preparation for the work, the need for constant adaptation, demotivation, and disinterest from adolescents, age-series distortion, limitations in some materials, and mainly, the lack of consensus regarding the primary function of the socio-educational measure. On the other hand, most participants believe that the school can function within the context of deprivation of liberty and are satisfied with the work done, emphasizing their central role in the educational process. Finally, the general discussion aims to relate Studies 1 and 2, reflecting on the results found and current topics relevant to the development of the field, while seeking an initial dialogue on possible interventions in light of Behavior Analysis, considering the development of adapted and specific strategies to help reduce and overcome the problems identified.
Uma leitura dialética do romance Água de barrela de Eliana Alves Cruz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-24)
Lima, Cátia de Jesus
;
Laks, Daniel Marinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9531610287211600
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3206-4178
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2195016389421375
This dissertation presents an analysis of Água de Barrela (2018), written by Rio de Janeiro author Eliana Alves Cruz. By focusing on the marital relationships and the roles of the female characters at the center of the plot, the study aims to problematize and understand Black patriarchy and the marginalized male profiles depicted in the narrative. In this regard, analyzing the characteristics and actions of these characters within both familial and social contexts is essential to reveal how the masculine antagonism that emerged in the post-abolition period—when descendants of Africans were forced to work under conditions akin to slavery to survive, or, unable to endure this new reality, turned to idleness and/or criminality—is deeply connected to capitalism and patriarchy. These structures prevent Black men from having the same opportunities as white men. To that end, the novel is examined through the method of successive readings proposed by Roberto Schwarz in A poesia envenenada de Dom Casmurro (2006), in order to show that, beyond the protagonists’ personal experiences and their overcoming of hardships, there exists a broader historical narrative. This larger story unfolds in parallel with the maturation of capitalism in Brazil, particularly involving the proletarian class of Salvador. Therefore, a more in-depth analysis of the work proves relevant in bringing this working-class group to the forefront of the narrative—especially the causes that led to the 1919 General Strike, a significant event that allows the repositioning of male characters, previously seen as secondary, into active subjects engaged in the sociopolitical processes of the time. This shift challenges the historically constructed stereotype of Black men as delinquents and reaffirms their role in the Brazilian labor struggle within the Bahian context.