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Uma análise integrada da radiação UV, das características cutâneas, dos hábitos de fotoexposição e da vulnerabilidade socioeconômica no sul do Amazonas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Alves, Pericles; Bourscheidt, Vandoir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-323X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5051531872859490; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6557-4011
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental health risk factor, particularly in tropical regions, where exposure levels tend to remain high throughout the year. In the Brazilian Amazon, the lack of surface monitoring stations and the scarcity of integrated studies on the effects of UV radiation on vulnerable populations represent critical gaps for the development of effective public policies. This thesis proposed an interdisciplinary approach integrating atmospheric, photobiological, and social data to investigate UV exposure and its relationship with skin cancer susceptibility in the southern region of the state of Amazonas. Objective: To describe seasonal variations, trends, and correlations of solar ultraviolet radiation, as well as its association with skin cancer susceptibility in the region. Materials and Methods: The study was based on the analysis of remotely sensed data (OMI/Aura and CAMS), including variables such as UV irradiance, Ultraviolet Index (UVI), cloud optical thickness (COT), total ozone column (TOC), total column water vapor (TCWV), particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), and aerosol optical depth (AOD), covering the 2005–2022 period. Additionally, household survey data collected by local municipal health department in 2022 were analyzed, encompassing skin phototypes, sun exposure habits, photoprotection practices, and socioeconomic vulnerability indicators. Results: The findings indicated that the UVI follows a well-defined seasonal pattern, with risk levels classified as “very high” and “extreme” throughout the year. TCWV, AOD, and TOC were identified as the most influential factors on UVI. Statistically significant upward trends in UVA irradiance were observed, associated with reductions in cloud cover. The predominance of phototypes III to V in the studied population did not result in effective photoprotection practices, particularly among individuals in socioeconomic vulnerability, who showed a greater tendency toward prolonged sun exposure and lower sunscreen usage. A statistically significant association between socioeconomic vulnerability and low adherence to photoprotection was confirmed through the chi-square test and an Odds Ratio of 2.28. Conclusions: Atmospheric factors, socioeconomic conditions, and individual behaviors interact in a mutually reinforcing manner in UV exposure and skin cancer susceptibility. The absence of surface monitoring, combined with limited clinical and socioepidemiological data, hinders the effective response to this issue in the Amazon. The findings underscore the need to expand health education campaigns, incorporate the Fitzpatrick scale into national population surveys, and strengthen early diagnosis networks in remote areas to mitigate the cumulative effects of UV radiation on vulnerable populations.
Novas lideranças populistas? Uma comparação entre os Governos de Jair Bolsonaro no Brasil (2018-2022) e Viktor Orbán na Hungria (2015-2022)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Nunes, Gabriel Henrique Baldan; Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-9778; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4759083178760546; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4164-4774
This dissertation investigates the governments of Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary, and Jair Bolsonaro, former President of Brazil, through the lens of contemporary populism. The central objective is to determine whether these leaders can be classified as populists and, if so, to what extent their administrations posed risks and setbacks to the quality of democracy in their respective countries. The study adopts a qualitative methodology, applying a comparative case study approach supported by bibliographic research and analysis of public opinion data and institutional indicators such as the Eurobarometer and Latinobarometer. The dissertation is structured in three main parts: the first discusses the concept of populism based on theorists such as Margaret Canovan, Cas Mudde, and Cristóbal Kaltwasser, highlighting its ambiguous nature, dual structure of “people versus elite,” and adaptability to different ideological contexts. The second part examines the Hungarian case, focusing on the rise of the Fidesz party, the weakening of the rule of law, media control, attacks on the LGBTQIA+ community, and clashes with the European Union. The third part analyzes Bolsonaro's government, emphasizing conflicts with the Supreme Federal Court, denialism during the COVID-19 crisis, militarization of the public administration, anti-democratic rhetoric, and systematic attacks on the press. The dissertation concludes that both Orbán and Bolsonaro exhibit typical characteristics of contemporary populism, such as the construction of manichean narratives, anti-system discourse, and gradual institutional erosion through formal mechanisms. Despite their distinct national and historical contexts, both represent forms of authoritarian populism that undermine liberal democracy by delegitimizing political pluralism, weakening democratic institutions, and mobilizing ideologically loyal bases—thus posing concrete threats to democratic governance.
Modelos de maturidade para gestão de custos em sistemas de saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Rocha, Tiago Soares da; Araújo, Larissa Elaine Dantas de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6777382513681646; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0574-583X; Santana, Naja Brandão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4950197164940762; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-0167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2342981203845575; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-9424
Considering the particularities of public health systems, the context in which processes and resources are complex when compared to other sectors, the search for excellence and for scientific data and evidence that promote management improvement is constant. It is essential for these institutions that specific areas, such as cost management, function efficiently and can support strategic management. The New Public Management, which presents a paradigm shift in the management of public institutions, suggests, among other practices, the use of private sector techniques in the public sector. One of the tools to be used are Maturity Models, organizational management tools that promote simultaneous innovation, quality improvement and cost reduction. It should be noted that such models are already present in studies on the health sector, but without a specific focus on cost management. The present research aims to propose a maturity model for cost management in public health systems. Through literature analysis, references are found that support the construction of the conceptual bases of the model. The main contribution of the research is the inclusion of specific bases for cost management in concepts and structures already built in consolidated models.
Análise da perda de Serviços Ecossistêmicos no Estado do Acre de 1985 a 2023
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Magalhães, Átila de Araújo; Matricardi, Eralado Aparecido Trondoli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3238397066723847; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-6100; Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8679205524921422; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1508-4679
This study characterizes the loss of Ecosystem Services (ES) in the State of Acre between 1985 and 2023. The study area is located in the Northern Region of Brazil and borders Peru and Bolivia. To achieve the proposed objective, the Mapping, Analysis and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (MAVSE) methodology was applied. The data were obtained from the MapBiomas Platform, processed in the QGis software and validated by a panel of experts. Then, ES loss scores were defined for the State of Acre and its 22 municipalities, with a ranking of those that lost the most. The ES categories considered in this study were Provision, Regulation and Cultural. The results reveal a significant loss of forest cover over the period evaluated, with a cumulative total of 2 million hectares of ES losses for the entire State of Acre between 1985 and 2023. The loss of ES impacts the socioeconomic and environmental dynamics of the region and increases forest fragmentation, representing a serious threat to the rich biodiversity, the well-being of traditional populations and cities (forest peoples), and local culture and spirituality. Finally, the research contributes with recommendations for the use of more effective public policies and conservation actions, which include strengthening environmental governance, encouraging bioeconomy, valuing the standing forest, protecting biodiversity, promoting environmental education, and involving forest peoples in this process. A comprehensive understanding of the loss of ecosystem services in Acre is crucial for building a more resilient and sustainable future for the Amazon region.
Validação de teste para detectar resistência ao herbicida haloxifop em capim-amargoso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Melo, Ana Vitória Sanches da Silva; Medeiros, Ane Hackbart de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315858319851377; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3985-3193; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1749520439340991
Digitaria insularis is an invasive species that reduces crop yields due to its high competitive capacity for natural resources, and can reduce productivity by up to 80% in annual and perennial crops. Control of this invasive plant is often carried out with ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, which interfere with the synthesis of fatty acids and lead to cell death in susceptible plants, without affecting cultivated crops. However, the continuous and repetitive use of these herbicides has selected resistant genotypes, reducing the effectiveness of chemical control. Resistance is associated with mutations in the gene that encodes the ACCase enzyme, compromising its binding to the inhibitor and reducing the efficiency of herbicides. Given this scenario, monitoring resistance in D. insularis is essential for implementing more efficient management strategies and for understanding the genetic mechanisms involved. The present study aimed to validate, through PCR testing and sequencing, genes for resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in D. insularis. Eighteen samples of possible resistant genotypes were analyzed, compared with six samples of control plants, known to be susceptible. DNA was extracted using the QIAcube using the DNeasy Plant Kit. The analysis was performed through sequence alignment and comparison, revealing that eight samples presented at least one resistant allele associated with the Trp2027Cys mutation, while one sample demonstrated complete resistance. In conclusion, the resistance of invasive plants to herbicides is a growing concern in the field. Therefore, it is necessary to develop rapid and effective tests to monitor the emergence of resistant genotypes among invasive plants. The test used in this project proved to be efficient in detecting polymorphisms of the ACCAse gene in D. insularis genotypes, indicating that it can be used as an ally in monitoring strategies for resistant genotypes.
Avaliação da sustentabilidade do ciclo de vida aplicada a produção citrícola da laranja orgânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Vasconcellos, Matheus Soares de; Saavedra, Yovana María Barrera; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5009165247354319; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-0382; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3556863018398324; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2094-6867
Orange production holds a prominent position in global agriculture, with Brazil being the world’s largest producer. Despite the environmental and social relevance of organic systems, the literature lacked studies that applied life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) in an integrated manner to this production model. The system’s complexity and the urgency for more sustainable practices make this approach essential for decision-making and the formulation of public policies. The objective of this study was to measure the environmental, social, and cost performance of organic orange production through life cycle sustainability assessment in the Alto Paranapanema watershed region. The methodology was divided into two main stages. First, a systematic literature review was conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to select studies addressing environmental, social, and life cycle costing assessments in orange production. The review aimed to map the state of the art, identify scientific gaps, and consolidate the study’s theoretical foundation. In the second stage, the LCSA was applied to two organic orange production systems located in the municipalities of Buri and Itapetininga, using primary data collected from producers. The approach followed the methodological assumptions of ISO standards 14040, 14044, and 14075, integrating individual assessments through theoretical summation based on a shared objective and scope. The analysis was complemented by a sensitivity assessment to test scenarios involving input substitution, revenue increase, and compliance with labor legislation. The life cycle sustainability analysis of organic orange production in Buri and Itapetininga revealed significant environmental advantages compared to the conventional system, highlighting aspects such as lower human toxicity, reduced acidification of water and soil, and partial recovery of degraded areas, reflected by negative values in land transformation. Critical challenges were identified, including high dependence on fossil-based energy sources and negative environmental impacts associated with the intensive use of cattle manure, especially regarding climate change and high freshwater ecotoxicity. Alternatives such as replacing cattle manure with poultry manure showed reduced impacts, pointing to potential pathways for improving environmental sustainability. From an economic perspective, organic systems showed substantial operational costs, with preventive maintenance of infrastructure and the high opportunity cost of owned land being particularly sensitive issues. These findings highlight the difficulty of diluting fixed costs due to the limited production scale and lack of specific financing. In this context, payments for ecosystem services and carbon credits emerge as strategic alternatives to economically support these systems. On the other hand, the social assessment revealed concerning contradictions: irregular labor practices, including informality and economic exploitation of migrant workers. These findings underscore the urgent need for effective public policies to ensure labor formalization and protection of rural workers’ fundamental rights, emphasizing that, despite the clear environmental benefits, organic production will only be truly sustainable when the current social and economic gaps are addressed
Compromisso popular da universidade na educação científica: percepções docentes na UFSCar de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Leda, Leticia Maria; Carnio, Michel Pisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0198207700485715; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-7633; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0641598768912440; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-0642
The research aims to understand how UFSCar has materialized its commitment to the popular dimension in scientific education from the perspective of professors in the Biological Sciences, Physics, and Chemistry undergraduate teaching programs, considering the material, political, and social conditions that influence their practices and their role in social transformation. Grounded in the contributions of Paulo Freire and Marilena Chauí, the study examines how university autonomy is affected by neoliberal policies that subordinate education to market interests and how public universities can promote critical and emancipatory education in the face of neoliberal pressures. In this context, academic research has increasingly aligned with the concept of technoscience, characterized by the subordination of science to market logic, which influences not only research topics but also initiatives within the university itself (such as business incubators and public-private partnerships). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with professors, and the analysis was conducted using Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA), which enables a deeper understanding of the contradictions and challenges identified. The results indicate that, while professors acknowledge the university’s commitment to the popular dimension, there are different perspectives on how this commitment is realized. The research highlights the need to strengthen institutional policies that foster dialogue between the university and society, ensuring the necessary conditions for the popular commitment of the university to be effectively translated into consolidated practices.
Efetividade e análise de impacto orçamentário para implementação de um programa de teleatendimento para prevenção de quedas baseado em gestão de casos para pessoas idosas na Atenção Primária à Saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Novaes, Areta; Itria, Alexander; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7278290457268315; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-0230; Gramani-Say, Karina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2451-8109; Negra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2101634881803744; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-1042
To assess the effectiveness and budgetary impact of a case management-based fall prevention program for community-dwelling elderly individuals with a history of falls in order to estimate the impact of its implementation in the SUS. Methodology: To achieve this objective, this dissertation will be presented in two studies. Study 1 evaluated the effectiveness of a protocol for fall prevention based on case management, adopting as primary outcome the number of self-reported falls and as secondary outcome the quality of life (utility), assessed using the EuroQol-5D-3L instrument. All analyses were performed following the intention-to-treat principle. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify normality. To analyze the usefulness, the Linear Mixed Model (SPSS software version 29) was used. Study 2 evaluated, through a budget impact analysis, whether this same protocol has the potential to be implemented in primary health care (PHC). To determine the eligible population, the projections of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) were used, assuming the age groups: 60 to 90 years or older, in a time horizon of 5 years. To perform the Budget Impact Analysis, 2 different scenarios were constructed. In scenario 1, it was considered that the program should be made available to 100% of the elderly population with recurrent falls in the first year. Then, the 40% effectiveness of the protocol was used to reduce falls. Thus, in the following 4 years, 60% of the previous year was considered, added to the population growth. In scenario 2, no reduction was applied. A sensitivity analysis with best and worst scenario was performed, in addition, a third scenario that did not take into account extra costs was also verified. Results: In study 1, 32 participants were allocated to the IG and 30 to the CG. No differences were found regarding the number of falls between the groups. However, the comparison between the times of the 52-week measurements with the baseline indicated a significant difference in the reduction in the number of falls. For utility, no difference in overall effect was found when comparing GC and GI (p=0.21), which makes it impossible to analyze it in greater detail between reassessments. In study 2, approximately 7.5 million older adults became the target audience for this treatment between years 1 and 5. Both scenarios show a decrease in long-term costs. However, the sensitivity analysis indicates an increase in extra costs, perceived in the pessimistic version of both scenarios. However, when verified, the optimistic scenario and the scenario that did not consider extra costs demonstrated more immediate positive results with regard to cost reduction. Conclusion: Although the analyzed protocol was not effective in reducing the number of falls between groups or in improving quality of life, it has the potential to generate cost savings in the long term. However, studies with more robust sampling and more realistic cost estimates need to be carried out, taking into account the adaptations necessary for its operation within PHC. Still, it is observed that close and systematic monitoring for fall prevention can reduce the number of these accidents, which is very important for maintaining the health of the elderly population. Furthermore, the study contributes to the scenario of multifactorial research and its repercussions in the literature.
Impacto do descomissionamento da barragem Monjolinho sobre a ictiofauna, bacia do alto Paraná
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Gattis, Vitória Cecatto; Castro, Reinaldo José de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4612303236227898; Fusari, Lívia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4951378712238107; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0786848037443314; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4386-0164
The Monjolinho Stream, impounded by a small dam on the campus of the Federal University of São Carlos, where there is already a historical context of pollution, has been the subject of several studies across different fields and for various purposes. Its reservoir underwent multiple interventions and was completely drained in 2019 due to structural issues with the dam. Over the years, this environment had supported the establishment of a biotic community characteristic of a lentic system. The draining of the reservoir restored the original lotic flow, clearly imposing a new restructuring of the resident aquatic communities. Based on this recent history, the aim of this study was to gather information on dam decommissioning worldwide and to investigate the composition of the ichthyofauna with a focus on its spatial and temporal distribution in the Monjolinho Stream, as well as to assess possible changes in trophic relationships imposed by the new environmental conditions. To this end, fish were collected both upstream and downstream in 2019 (before decommissioning) and again in 2023 and 2024 (after decommissioning). Water samples were also collected for analysis of selected physical and chemical variables. Fish sampling was conducted in 50-meter stretches located upstream and downstream, using single-pass electrofishing in a downstream-to-upstream direction and 10 casts of a throw net in the semi-lentic section of the stream. Simpson diversity and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity indices were calculated to assess changes in the ichthyocenosis between study periods. A Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis was performed on the species community structure, considering two regions (upstream and downstream) with three sampling periods at each site (2019, 2023, and 2024). An environmental variable fitting analysis (envfit) revealed turbidity as the environmental variable most strongly associated with the NMDS ordination. This variable showed a coefficient of determination (r²) of 0.9541 with a p-value < 0.05. Our results indicate dissimilarity in the ichthyofauna before and after decommissioning, especially concerning lentic species, due to habitat alteration and its impact on reproduction.
IoT no sistema de drenagem como apoio para alerta de inundações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Lima, Alex Felício de; Fialho, Beatriz Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8262918645325638; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0339-1436; Miyasaka, Elza Luli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8353923902800804; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-9672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3276802179489325; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-7150
In Brazil, among the most recurring problems in urban areas are floods. These are often pre-existing occurrences due to the hydrological and topographic characteristics of the region, but which are enhanced by the effects of urbanization in terms of waterproofing and modification of the hydrological cycle due to human actions. The ways of dealing with these events vary from structural solutions involving large macro-drainage works, to non-structural solutions, which include regulations on land use in risk regions. Between the period of manifestation of the events and the effective adoption of measures to resolve the problems, actions need to be taken to mitigate the risks and negative effects of floods. Composing these actions, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)-based alternatives stand out, incorporating IoT (Internet of Things) and computerized management in urban security, improving responses to extreme hydrological events. These alternatives fall within the context of Smart Cities, which are cities with high levels of governance and sustainable development. Some research addresses the use of IoT for flood monitoring and alert issuance; however, no research was found that associated IoT, hydrological model and hydrodynamic model for flood forecasting and alerting. From this perspective, this work aims to develop a flood alert system model for watercourses located in urban areas based on IoT solutions and hydrological-hydrodynamic modeling. The methodological approach of this case study was based on a literature review, analysis of official data from the municipality and the watershed, field surveys, hydrological-hydrodynamic modeling, prototyping of the conceptual and physical model of the alert system, and simulation of its application. The object of validation of the study was the city of Ribeirão Preto. The proposed warning system model uses hydrometeorological data found by a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), which are inserted into hydrological and hydrodynamic models that transform rainfall into flow and inform whether or not floods occur, including the times they occur. In the simulation performed, the flood detection model made it possible to issue a flood alert 30 minutes in advance. Therefore, the warning system model is capable of providing information so that Civil Defense or an equivalent agency can issue timely warnings to municipalities at risk so that they can take measures to reduce the social and material losses caused by flooding. It is expected that this model can be replicated in other locations and that it will serve as a basis for studies to improve research in this area.
Propriedades terapêuticas da díade luminescente de Ru(II): aplicações na inibição e monitoramento da agregação de proteínas amiloides e terapia fotodinâmica antibacteriana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Pereira, Lorena Maria Borges; Carlos, Rose Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7446682563393163
Ru(II) metal complexes have attracted considerable attention for biological applications due to their photophysical and photochemical properties. These compounds stand out as luminescent probes and inhibitors of amyloid protein aggregation, as well as potential candidates for use as photosensitizers in antibacterial photodynamic therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of the Ru(phen)-naphthalenediimide dyad, [Ru(phen)2(pNDIp)]2+, in the aggregation mechanism of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) and as a photosensitizer in antibacterial photodynamic therapy. In DMSO solution, the dyad is characterized by an intense absorption band in the ultraviolet region (λMÁX = 265 nm; ε = 83000 M-1.cm-1), typical of intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) transitions of unsaturated aromatic ligands, a structured band in the UV-visible region (300–400 nm) attributed to the naphthalenediimide aromatic core, and a broad absorption band in the visible region (λMÁX = = 450 nm; ε = 15300 M-1.cm-1), assigned to metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions (MLCT, Ru,dπ → phen,π*), with an emission maximum at 610 nm (λMÁX = 450 nm).Transient absorption studies demonstrated that excitation of the {Ru(phen)3}2+ component of the [Ru(phen)2(pNDIp)]2+ dyad results in rapid electron transfer, generating an intermediate charge-separated excited state (CSS) {Ru3+(phen)2(pNDIp•⁻)}. The assignment of this species as the charge-separated state was confirmed by comparison with spectral features obtained via UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry using the first reduction potential of the {pNDIp} component of the dyad [Ru(phen)2(pNDIp)]2+, and by photolysis with 350 nm light. The dyad demonstrated the ability to monitor hIAPP aggregation kinetics via luminescence, exhibiting behavior similar to the ThT probe. Inhibition assays further revealed that the RupNDIp dyad inhibits the aggregation process of hIAPP in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, viability assays conducted in MIN-6 cell lines indicated that the dyad exhibits low cytotoxicity at concentrations ≤100 μM and, when applied in appropriate ratios relative to hIAPP concentration (10 µM), can reduce cytotoxic effects mediated by the fibrillar form of hIAPP. Photodynamic therapy assays against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) demonstrated the efficacy of the dyad (25 µM). Upon activation with blue light (450 nm), a 4.99 log10 reduction in bacterial viability was observed. These results are associated with additional key features of the compound, including its ability to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) while maintaining photochemical stability. Therefore, the results obtained in this work highlight the potential of the RupNDIp dyad as a versatile compound, exhibiting structural and spectroscopic properties favorable for biological applications.
Caracterização do potencial de restauração vegetal em Unidades de Conservação de Proteção Integral e zonas de amortecimento no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-28) Fernandes, Patrick Faria; Tavares, Paulo André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2203726636628720; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1101-7652; Molin, Paulo Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-935X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4876093506128364; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6002-1838
The environmental degradation resulting from anthropogenic activities is a global concern due to its impacts on biodiversity and climate change. Restoring native vegetation in Integral Protection Conservation Units (UCPIs) and buffer zones (ZAs) is a promising strategy, however it faces challenges in identifying and quantifying the areas suitable for restoration, considering land division and environmental characterization. This project aimed to locate, quantify, and characterize areas eligible for restoration in 63 continental UCPIs and their respective ZAs in the State of São Paulo. The project was based on the integration of secondary geospatial data from official sources widely recognized in science. The areas eligible for restoration included pastures and land-use mosaics within the UCPIs, while in the ZAs, the stratification also considered Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), Legal Reserves (RLs), and degraded pastures. For the characterization of the areas suitable for restoration, several variables were considered, such as proximity to remnants of native vegetation, biome, agricultural suitability, and slope. The land situation of the UCPIs was classified as public and private areas, while in the ZAs, areas were categorized by property size. The definition of the restoration method was based on probability of regeneration: i) 0 to 40%: planting; ii) 41 to 70%: assisted regeneration; iii) 71 to 100%: natural regeneration without assistance. For non-mechanizable areas (slope > 20%) and areas without viable natural regeneration, direct seeding was adopted. A total of 185,113.57 ha suitable for restoration were identified, representing 12.34% of the 1.5 millionhectare target of the São Paulo Climate Action Plan. In the UCPIs, 33,973.40 ha were identified, of which 46.70% were public domain, 25.32% private domain, and 27.98% undefined domain, with a potential for native vegetation expansion of 3.90%. The ZAs covered 151,140.17 ha, divided into 64,526.90 ha of APPs, 28,059.58 ha of RLs, and 65,691.19 ha of degraded pastures, with a potential increase of 16.43% in vegetation cover. Of these areas, 75.88% are in large properties while 24.12% are in areas with no information. The characterization highlighted positive aspects, such as the expansion of native vegetation remnants and proximity to nurseries. Regarding methods, natural regeneration without assistance predominated in the UCPIs (58.03%), while planting was more common in the ZAs (54.94%). In both categories, assisted regeneration and direct seeding had similar proportions. Finally, this study highlights the great potential of UCPIs and ZAs in environmental restoration, emphasizing their crucial role in meeting the established goals. The proposed methodology offers a practical, replicable, and feasible approach for implementing and managing restoration actions, providing valuable input for the development of more effective public policies and contributing to climate change mitigation and the improvement of environmental policies in Brazil.