Racismo, Pessoa e Política: interfaces entre Frantz FAnon e Alberto Guerreiro Ramos

Abstract

This thesis investigates the contributions of Frantz Fanon and Alberto Guerreiro Ramos — two important Black intellectuals of the 20th century — to the critical understanding of modern racism and the construction of Black subjectivity. The study develops a comparative analysis between Fanon, whose work emerged within the context of French colonialism and anticolonial struggles, and Guerreiro Ramos, a Brazilian sociologist who challenged how Black people were represented within Brazilian social sciences. Despite their different historical settings, both thinkers confronted the problem of racial dehumanization. The thesis argues that racism did not disappear after biological racial theories declined; instead, it was transformed into cultural racism, operating through language, institutions, scientific knowledge and social practices. In this process, the Black subject becomes objectified and alienated from their own humanity. Drawing on French personalist philosophy, particularly Emmanuel Mounier, the research shows that Fanon and Ramos propose intellectual and political projects aimed at reconstructing the Black person as an ethical, political and historical subject. Fanon analyzes the psychological effects of colonial domination on lived experience, while Guerreiro Ramos criticizes intellectual dependency in Brazil and advocates for autonomous sociological thought. The dissertation concludes that both authors formulate emancipatory perspectives that move beyond assimilation to European norms and beyond racial essentialism, proposing new ways of thinking freedom, subjectivity and humanity grounded in lived Black experience.