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As PANCs e a cultura caipira como estratégias para a educação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-23) Huggler, Hemille; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
This undergraduate thesis aim to investigate how Unconventional Food Plants (PANCs), in conjunction with the traditional knowledge of São Paulo's caipira culture, can be used as pedagogical strategies to promote Environmental Education in Science teaching. Through a qualitative literature review and document analysis of public policies, the study discusses the impacts of food globalization, the erasure of traditional knowledge, and the importance of localized educational practices. The study is grounded in the theoretical contributions of Bourdieu, Brandão, and Paulo Freire, it addresses the role of Biology teaching in valuing biodiversity and local food culture. As an educational product, an illustrated guide for implementing school gardens with PANCs was developed, aimed at middle and high school levels. The guide proposes interdisciplinary and context-based activities that foster food autonomy, environmental awareness, and cultural belonging among students.
Seriemas universitárias: comportamento, ciência cidadã e educação ambiental nas redes sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-23) Borgato, Maira Cristina Piovesana; Piratelli, Augusto João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-4007; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6577639909831348; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-8451
The Red-legged Seriema (Cariama cristata) is an omnivorous species and its opportunism in establishing itself in urban environments demonstrates its environmental plasticity. However, proximity to human-modified environments brings various threats to the species, such as roadkill, inadvertent domestication, and interactions with domestic animals. Furthermore, frequent contact with the local community presents opportunities for developing environmental education initiatives. The objective of this study was to describe the life history of a seriema found in the territory of the Federal University of São Carlos - Sorocaba Campus, as well as to disseminate this knowledge through non-formal environmental education on social media. For behavioral analysis, flight distance sampling, direct observations of the species, and the dissemination of an online questionnaire for data collection via citizen science were conducted. Behaviors were classified into categories based on previous studies. For informal environmental education, profiles were created on Instagram and Facebook, whose effectiveness was assessed using an online questionnaire. During direct observations (38h19min), natural behaviors and those resulting from proximity to the urban environment were identified. The emergence of a second individual and reproduction of the species were observed. Initial flight distances showed significant differences between the initial and final samplings. Through citizen science, 248 records of the species were obtained. Nineteen informative posts about the species and related topics were published on social media. In the evaluation questionnaire, 90.7% (37) rated the language used as very accessible, 97.7% (42) acquired new knowledge, 100% (43) felt more sensitized by the species and the topics covered, and 95.3% (41) reported that they would follow other profiles with similar content. This study contributed to broadening the understanding of how Cariama cristata adapts to human-modified environments and how social media can be an ally in environmental education and scientific dissemination.
Ameaças e vulnerabilidade socioambiental associadas à poluição por metais pesados na bacia hidrográfica do Río Quito (Chocó-Colômbia): proposta de uma estrutura sistêmica para a gestão de riscos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-23) Pinto, Mauricio Jose Rosso; Marrugo Negrete, Jose Luis; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3181-7529; Hanai, Frederico Yuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-0019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0029934262855663; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-4127
This research analyzed the factors of hazard and socio-environmental vulnerability associated with heavy metal contamination in the Quito River basin (Chocó, Colombia), recognized as a subject of rights under Constitutional Court Ruling T-622 of 2016. An etymological analysis was conducted, through which the convolution relationship between hazard and vulnerability was established as external and internal components of risk, respectively. Based on cartographic information, the expansion of mining activities in the Quito River basin was evaluated, and contamination levels in sediments were determined, showing concentrations of mercury (5,22 mg/kg), chromium (56,85 mg/kg), and arsenic (20,31 mg/kg) in areas heavily impacted by mining, along with turbidity levels exceeding 250 NTU. A significant morphological alteration of the fluvial system was evidenced, including the accumulation of sand banks with an estimated volume of over 43 million m3, and high population exposure to environmental and health-related risks. In parallel, a systematic literature review of 98 scientific articles was conducted, which enabled the identification of 66 tools (mostly indices) and 58 socio-environmental aspects considered in risk management studies. The analysis of this body of work revealed that the identified tools focus primarily on the quantification of heavy metal concentrations, without integrating relevant social, economic, ecological, and cultural dimensions for a comprehensive risk assessment. Accordingly, with the aim of proposing a systemic structure for the integrated management of socio-environmental risk resulting from heavy metal contamination in the Quito River basin, the 58 aspects were prioritized through expert consultation, and their influence–dependence relationships were analyzed using MICMAC software. This process led to the identification of 21 key variables within the system. Based on the etymological analysis of risk components, a systemic structure was developed in which variables such as water and soil contamination by heavy metals represent the magnitude of the hazard; the expansion of illegal mining is linked to its spatial extent; and climatic factors such as rainfall are associated with the temporal dimension. Regarding vulnerability, exposure is reflected in variables such as the ingestion of contaminated water and food, while sensitivity and adaptive capacity are linked to access to sanitation services and vegetation cover. The conceptual model provides a framework for guiding the formulation of integrated socio-environmental risk management instruments in river basins affected by illegal mining, such as the Quito River.
Desenvolvimento de consórcio bacteriano de Bacillus subtilis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa imobilizado em poliuretano para biorremediação do corante Vermelho Congo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-23) Trevizan, Caio Eduardo; Montagnolli, Renato Nallin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7455124733755299; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-9631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7554846158388967
Azo dyes rank among the most persistent pollutants in industrial effluents, particularly those from the textile sector. Owing to their high solubility, chemical stability and toxic potential, improper disposal poses a significant environmental risk. Microbial consortia that couple biosorption with biodegradation have emerged as sustainable alternatives to conventional physico-chemical treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the removal of the azo dye Congo Red by pure and mixed cultures of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to test whether immobilising the consortium in a synthetic matrix could enhance the system’s stability and reusability. The strains were reactivated and grown in TSB broth, and their compatibility was confirmed in co-cultures. Dye decolourisation assays were then carried out at 100, 200 and 300 mg/L for 48 h, distinguishing biosorption from biodegradation through heat-inactivated cells, desorption tests and FTIR analysis. Biofilm formation was quantified in microplates, and the consortium was immobilised on sterilised polyurethane foam and subjected to three batch cycles using simulated textile effluent. The consortium removed 95±3% of the dye at 100 mg/L and 82±4% at 200 mg/L, outperforming the individual cultures. Efficiency dropped to 54±6% at 300 mg/L, indicating inhibition at higher concentrations. Desorption remained below 12%, and FTIR revealed a 68±5% reduction in the azo band at 1580 cm⁻¹, confirming biodegradation as the main mechanism. B. subtilis exhibited the higher biofilm index, whereas P. aeruginosa initiated azo-bond cleavage. Immobilisation allowed dye removal above 70%. These results demonstrate that an immobilised bacterial consortium is a promising strategy for the biological pre-treatment of textile effluents containing Congo Red.
Química verde aplicada à nanotecnologia: estratégias sustentáveis para a síntese de nanopartículas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-23) Müller, Gabrirela Frutuozo; Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3843923633326058
This paper explores the crucial role of nanoparticles within Green Chemistry, pinpointing solutions that reduce environmental harm and foster more sustainable industrial processes. Through a comprehensive literature review, we delve into the core principles of Green Chemistry and the immense potential of nanotechnology. This is especially evident in the use of nanoparticles as catalysts, in effluent purification, and across various industrial and environmental applications. Thanks to their unique nanoscale properties, these particles offer innovative and effective ways to make industrial processes less polluting and more efficient in terms of natural resource use. A key highlight is the emerging field of green nanoparticle synthesis, which leverages natural and biological sources as a promising alternative to more aggressive traditional techniques. The study also underscores the importance of the mindful application of these technologies, considering potential risks to both human health and the environment. We advocate for the establishment of clear guidelines to ensure the long-term safety and sustainability of these practices. By showcasing concrete examples of green synthesis, we can deepen our understanding of nanoparticles' role in Green Chemistry, bridging the gap between theory and practical application and paving the way for sustainable innovation. Furthermore, comparing these green routes with conventional methods clearly demonstrates their transformative potential, particularly when integrated with Life Cycle Assessment and responsible environmental regulation.
Blockchain em sistemas de saúde: um estudo de arquiteturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-23) Francisco, Isadora Delatore; Guardia, Hélio Crestana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5010-747X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8080456194439379
The increasing digitalization of data in the healthcare sector, driven by hospital modernization initiatives, Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems, and connected medical devices (IoMT), has led to a growing volume of sensitive clinical information circulating among different institutions. This scenario brings to light significant challenges related to information security, patient privacy, and interoperability between heterogeneous systems. Ensuring that such data is accessed only by authorized users, maintained with integrity throughout its lifecycle, and shared in an auditable manner across organizations is an increasingly critical demand. In this context, blockchain systems can be explored as a potential solution.Blockchain technology offers a decentralized and immutable structure that enables secure, transparent, and auditable transaction recording, even in fragmented environments where data originates from diverse sources, each with its own database and data model. Its application in healthcare can enable controlled data sharing between institutions, ensure the integrity of records, and provide reliable audit trails without relying on a central authority.This research was structured in two main stages: a literature review that identified patterns and trends in blockchain-based solutions for healthcare, and the proposal and implementation of architectures based on those patterns using the Hyperledger Fabric platform. As a contribution, this work presents two architectures that aim to integrate relevant technologies found in the literature: a Notary Service System for traceable data sharing between organizations, and a Direct Storage System for Electronic Medical Device data on the blockchain. Based on these architectures, a permissioned network was planned with multiple organizations, channels were created, access control profiles were defined, and the development of the chaincode was initiated.
Interferência da inoculação de Nitrospirillum amazonense na capacidade competitiva de mudas pré-brotadas de cana-de-açúcar e toxicidade de herbicidas à bactéria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-23) Jonck, Luana Carolina Gomes; Magri, Marcia Maria Rosa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4166319985147604; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-1240; Monquero, Patricia Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-1861; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5829065571164188; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2389-0096
Inoculation with Nitrospirillum amazonense promotes biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and phytohormone production, which can influence the competitiveness of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) against weeds. However, pre-emergence herbicides may be toxic to bacterial cells. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of inoculation with Aprinza (N. amazonense) on the competitiveness of sugarcane PSS, as well as the effect of weed competition on the rhizosphere microbiota, and to assess the toxicity of pre-emergence herbicides to bacterial cells. The competitiveness of sugarcane PSS was evaluated in a completely randomized design (CRD) in a 4×2 factorial arrangement. Three weed species (Merremia aegyptia, Urochloa decumbens, and Cyperus rotundus) were assessed at four densities (10, 20, 40, and 80 plants/m²), coexisting with PSS in the presence or absence of inoculation with N. amazonense, in addition to controls (PSS only, with and without inoculation). At 90 days after transplanting (DAT), seedlings were evaluated for height (cm), leaf area (cm²), shoot dry biomass (g), and root dry biomass (g). Also at 90 DAT, rhizospheric soil was analyzed for bacterial and fungal diversity through soil metataxonomic analysis, using DNA extraction and sequencing targeting the bacterial 16S rDNA and fungal ITS intergenic regions. Microbial activity was assessed by measuring the activity of β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase enzymes using the p-nitrophenol quantification method. To evaluate herbicide toxicity to N. amazonense, four in vitro assays were conducted. In the first assay, nine pre-emergence herbicides registered for sugarcane (clomazone, imazapic, tebuthiuron, indaziflam, S-metolachlor, metribuzin, isoxaflutole, sulfentrazone, and flumioxazin) were assessed for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Herbicides were tested at five doses corresponding to 1/4, 1/2, 1, 1.5, and 2 times the commercial dose (CD), along with a control treatment without herbicide. In the second assay, the resistance of N. amazonense to the application of the same herbicides in soil was evaluated by quantifying the Most Probable Number (MPN) of colony-forming units (CFU) of N. amazonense per gram of soil using the McCrady table. The third assay assessed the impact of herbicides on the bacterium's BNF capacity in nitrogen-free semi-solid NFb medium using the semi-micro Kjeldahl digestion method. Lastly, the fourth assay examined the effect of herbicides on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by the bacterium. Bacterial cells were analyzed by the colorimetric method using the Salkowski reagent. Inoculation with N. amazonense led to increases only in the height of PSS under competition with U. decumbens. A significant interaction between inoculation and plant density was observed only for the leaf area parameter in PSS competing with M. aegyptia. Inoculation induced a negative correlation between increasing M. aegyptia density and a reduction in seedling leaf area. The presence of U. decumbens, M. aegyptia, and C. rotundus caused reductions in the height, shoot biomass, and leaf area of PSS, regardless of inoculation with N. amazonense. Microbial inoculation and weed competition did not significantly alter the structure of the bacterial and fungal communities or the enzymatic activity of the rhizospheric soil of PSS. However, taxa attributed to the genus Nitrospirillum (classified as Azospirillum in the reference database used) were found only in the inoculated PSS treatments and inoculated PSS under competition with U. decumbens. Different herbicide molecules elicited distinct responses in the survival and functional activity of N. amazonense. Indaziflam, metribuzin, S-metolachlor, and sulfentrazone did not affect bacterial survival or functionality, but promoted increased cell growth and stimulated IAA production and/or BNF. Isoxaflutole stimulated bacterial growth at sublethal doses; however, it exhibited inhibitory effects at commercial application rates, while not interfering with IAA production or BNF capacity. Clomazone and imazapic, when added to the culture medium, reduced bacterial growth but did not affect survival in soil, and increased IAA production and BNF. Flumioxazin and tebuthiuron stimulated bacterial growth and BNF but reduced IAA production. Under the conditions of the present study, it can be concluded that although N. amazonense shows potential, inoculation was not able to mitigate the adverse effects of weed competition on the growth of pre-sprouted seedlings, suggesting that methodological adjustments or complementary practices are necessary to increase its efficacy. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of a careful selection of herbicides, considering not only their acute toxicity but also their differential effects on essential microbial processes, thereby favoring synergistic strategies that combine effective weed control with the use of microbial inoculants.
Possibilidades para uma educação dialógica em processos de ensino-aprendizagem na EJA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-23) Leal, Igor Gabriel; Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6226517460847819
This text presents a doctoral research study whose central theme is the dialogical possibilities in teaching and learning processes within a Youth and Adult Education (EJA) class. Paulo Freire is identified as the main theoretical reference, in articulation with a set of other authors whose approaches either dialogue with or complement his proposal. Based on this theoretical framework, we sought to address the following question: which aspects of the teaching and learning processes in a Youth and Adult Education class can be identified as dialogical? The general objective was to investigate dialogical aspects in the teaching and learning processes of a Youth and Adult Education class, aiming to characterize and problematize them, in order to identify their exclusionary and transformative dimensions. To achieve this objective, we adopted the methodological contributions of the Communicative Methodology of research. The results indicate that dialogue manifests itself through aspects related to affectivity, the establishment and maintenance of interpersonal relationships, mutual understanding, and pedagogical elements associated with questioning, investigation, and reflection on the programmatic content. When recognized within the pedagogical relationships investigated, these elements mediate actions that bring education closer to a dialogical perspective. It was also possible to identify a set of actions aligned with the transformative dimension of the research object, leading to qualitative changes in the schooling of the young people, adults, and elderly participants. Although fewer in number, actions related to the exclusionary dimension were also identified, requiring constant monitoring by the teacher. Finally, we conclude that the relationships investigated and the environment in which the research was conducted significantly contributed to the promotion of meaningful learning, the cognitive improvement of participants, and the overcoming of traumas and failures from previous schooling experiences.
Algoritmos de feeds fazem texto? Um ensaio semântico-enunciativo sobre o Youtube
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-23) Michelin, Felipe; Machado, Carolina de Paula ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597137507131618
Feed algorithms are responsible for the digital distribution of billions of media contents across the internet, primarily through major platforms. By processing massive amounts of data and variables, such as a user’s digital traces combined with data generated by the browsing of billions of other users, these algorithms ultimately create unique media displays for each user session of every registered user, with noticeable trending patterns. Although algorithms are computationally automated, their outcomes depend on other agents, such as the programmers who regulate their parameters, and the users themselves. What if, then, each of these unique displays could be considered as text or enunciation? What would be the implications and new possibilities for linguistic understanding? By choosing YouTube as its object, this essay seeks to describe the dynamics present on the platform and understand the possible meanings that algorithmic curation can produce. The theoretical foundation for the analysis was Semantics of Enunciation. Other theoretical perspectives, such as Discourse Analysis and Textual Linguistics, were also used for comparison and to explore potential convergences. This multifaceted approach was deemed necessary particularly due to the complexity of informational technology development in recent decades and its corresponding emerging social impacts.
PDARTS: busca de arquitetura neural diferenciável para inversão sísmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-23) Souza, Lucas Candiani; Naldi, Murilo Coelho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573662728816861; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3436620822478270; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-6445; Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
Seismic inversion is an inverse problem that minimizes both amplitude and phase differences between simulated signals and real observed signals through an optimization problem. Due to its high computational cost and the industry demand for higher resolution, researchers often explore ways to accelerate the process and improve its accuracy. In the last decade, deep learning emerged as a promising alternative for seismic inversion; however, still demanding laborious trial and error processes, integration of domain knowledge, and hyperparameter tuning. To improve model architectures for this task, this paper introduces PDARTS (Projected Differentiable Architecture Search), a method inspired by DARTS which aims to leverage the generalization capability of neural blocks such as Fourier and U-Fourier blocks for the seismic inversion task. Because Fourier-based blocks rely on Fourier transforms, which require square inputs, the asymmetric shape (height, width) of original seismic data necessitates enforcing a square input format to ensure proper operation. To achieve this, PDARTS employs fixed encoder layers connected to a projection layer to reshape spatial dimensions and a convolutional layer to mitigate noise. The decoder, along with the final layers of the encoder, is implemented as a DARTS supernetwork, where neural architecture search (NAS) is conducted to explore the potential of Fourier and U-Fourier neural blocks, aiming to discover new neural networks with better performance. Experiments demonstrated that the best architecture discovered by our method, PDARTSNet, outperforms current state-of-the-art neural networks for seismic inversion. Furthermore, it demonstrates that despite the increased number of network parameters and consequent higher computational costs, PDARTS has proven capable of discovering neural networks with superior performance for seismic inversion.