Blockchain em sistemas de saúde: um estudo de arquiteturas

Abstract

The increasing digitalization of data in the healthcare sector, driven by hospital modernization initiatives, Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems, and connected medical devices (IoMT), has led to a growing volume of sensitive clinical information circulating among different institutions. This scenario brings to light significant challenges related to information security, patient privacy, and interoperability between heterogeneous systems. Ensuring that such data is accessed only by authorized users, maintained with integrity throughout its lifecycle, and shared in an auditable manner across organizations is an increasingly critical demand. In this context, blockchain systems can be explored as a potential solution.Blockchain technology offers a decentralized and immutable structure that enables secure, transparent, and auditable transaction recording, even in fragmented environments where data originates from diverse sources, each with its own database and data model. Its application in healthcare can enable controlled data sharing between institutions, ensure the integrity of records, and provide reliable audit trails without relying on a central authority.This research was structured in two main stages: a literature review that identified patterns and trends in blockchain-based solutions for healthcare, and the proposal and implementation of architectures based on those patterns using the Hyperledger Fabric platform. As a contribution, this work presents two architectures that aim to integrate relevant technologies found in the literature: a Notary Service System for traceable data sharing between organizations, and a Direct Storage System for Electronic Medical Device data on the blockchain. Based on these architectures, a permissioned network was planned with multiple organizations, channels were created, access control profiles were defined, and the development of the chaincode was initiated.