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Participação pública no planejamento hídrico em Portugal: a revisão do PGRH Madeira 2022-2027
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Moraes, Tatiana Vieira de; Aragão, Alexandra; Oliveira, Celso Maran de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1665-6421; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-6321; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-3614
A participação pública e o acesso à informação são princípios basilares na gestão e planejamento hídrico de Portugal. Neste sentido, este trabalho se propõe examinar os instrumentos de planejamento hídrico participativo em Portugal e verificar se, de fato, tais princípios basilares foram observados durante o processo de revisão do Plano de Gestão de Região Hidrográfica Madeira 2022-2027. Para tanto, utilizou-se a pesquisa exploratória, baseada em abordagem qualitativa, bem como observação etnográfica da 2ª sessão pública para discussão da proposta do PGRH. Conclui-se que, embora o processo de revisão do PGRH tenha contemplado boa parte das etapas e instrumentos participativos previstos pela legislação, careceu de participação efetiva dos cidadãos.
Ilegalidade no uso do mercúrio em garimpos: participação popular no território médio Juruá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Peinado, Tassiane Garcia; Amarante Junior, Ozelito Possidonio de; Oliveira, Celso Maran de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-8234; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-9463; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-3614
Falhas na gestão do mercúrio podem ser percebidas na mineração ilegal, exacerbando o potencial de contaminar áreas de floresta preservada e de expor comunidades ao mercúrio. Embora o Brasil disponha de normas jurídicas para o controle do uso do mercúrio na mineração, estima-se que o setor emita cerca de 50 toneladas anuais de mercúrio para a natureza. O presente estudo avalia se o movimento participativo do “Território Médio Juruá” (TMJ), no sudoeste do estado do Amazonas, oferece subsídio à participação popular como um instrumento apropriado para promover políticas públicas efetivas para o controle do mercúrio na mineração. Para isso, a pesquisa investigou as ações dos órgãos públicos competentes frente às reivindicações das comunidades do TMJ. Os resultados da pesquisa inferem que a gestão eficaz dos recursos naturais requer uma governança adaptativa, que permita a participação da sociedade nos processos de tomada de decisão do Poder Público.
"Apenas outra alma humana": relato da minha jornada na graduação de medicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Ianakiara, Letícia Hiromi Tavares; Polido, Carla Betina Andreucci; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276149979667627; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-108X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9205332231324713
This final paper reports on the academic and personal journey of the author, Letícia Hiromi Tavares Ianakiara, during her medical studies at the Federal University of São Carlos from 2020 to 2025. The narrative addresses the transitions and learning experiences throughout the formative cycles, highlighting the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the adaptation to online learning. The course's teaching methodology, the Constructivist Spiral, is treated as a cornerstone for developing student autonomy, structuring learning into stages such as problem identification, information seeking, and the construction of new meanings. The learning experiences from the basic cycle, clinical cycle, and internship are detailed. Additionally, extracurricular experiences that enriched her education are reported. An exchange program in Portugal, at the Universities of Porto and Lisbon, provided a broader perspective on sexual and reproductive health and rights in an international context. Participation in an undergraduate research project on pediatric patient safety, funded by FAPESP, deepened her knowledge of scientific methods, research ethics, and data analysis, reinforcing the importance of empathy and quality in healthcare.
Educação para as relações étnico-raciais e formação docente: proposições críticas para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Rodrigues, Betabara Aparecida; Silva, Mariana Martha de Cerqueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6083262350667325; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2832458291598594
This undergraduate thesis presents the development of a teaching plan for teaching education, which is committed to the promotion of Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations (ERER) in the initial years of elementary school. The research is grounded in a critical perspective that understands ERER, as stated in Article 26-A of the LDB, as an epistemological field that requires the revision of historical and curricular foundations. The study aims to answer the question of how the construction of a teaching plan, rooted in the National Curricular Guidelines for the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations, can contribute to overcome shattered and superficial practices in terms of race that remain in daily school routine. The objectives consist in analyzing scholar work over ERER, identifying the main challenges of its implementation in Sorocaba, and offering an integrated teaching plan to the application of an anti racist teaching practice in daily school routine, through the teaching formation. The research is organized in four chapters that discuss, respectively: the history of racial relations and public policies in Brazil; the struggle of Black movements for the institutionalization of ERER; an analysis of the policy's effectiveness in Sorocaba; and a proposal for a teacher education plan based on ERER. In conclusion, ERER’s implementation requires critical pedagogical practices, articulated with the school board, which are capable of transforming education into a mechanism to tackle racism.
Reflexos de mecanismos participativos promovidos pelo Ministério Público Ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Oliveira, Celso Maran de; Sousa, Isabel Cristina Nunes de; Sousa, Maria Carolina Chaves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8572329722251988; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-3614; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8657-6785; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-0866
Depois de mais de três décadas da Constituição brasileira, reflete-se sobre o fortalecimento de instrumentos participativos. Analisa-se o universo de procedimentos ministeriais ambientais comparado a processos judiciais nas comarcas de São José do Rio Pardo e São Carlos (SP, 2016-2023), identificando o uso de consultas públicas, audiências e reuniões, e seus reflexos na resolução judicial. Entrevistas com promotores e análise estatística descritiva revelam avanços do MP na promoção da democracia ambiental, alinhada ao Acordo de Escazú. Palavras-chave: Democracia Ambiental; Participação popular; Instrumentos participativos; Ministério Público; Inquéritos civis.
Impacto sonoro produzido por buzinas de locomotivas no perímetro urbano de São Carlos-SP: normas técnicas e legislação ambiental de regência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Moraes, Tatiana Vieira de; Farias, Cátia Araujo; Oliveira, Celso Maran de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1665-6421; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-848X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-3614
A população do perímetro urbano do Município de São Carlos/SP é receptora direta dos impactos sonoros produzidos pela buzina de locomotivas que percorrem o trecho da Malha Paulista. A necessidade do acionamento da buzina como dispositivo de segurança gera perturbação ao sossego dos habitantes. Com base no método qualitativo e aplicação de técnicas de análise de conteúdo, objetivou-se examinar a legislação e normas técnicas vigentes, identificando o arranjo normativo para a medição, monitoramento e fiscalização dos impactos sonoros gerados pelas buzinas de locomotiva na área de estudo. Conclui-se, outrossim, pela necessidade de aperfeiçoamento das normas e dos regulamentos de operação ferroviária, bem como a adequação do sistema de transporte ferroviário de cargas à realidade urbana municipal.
Avaliação de bandits contextuais para recomendação: temporalidade e limitações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Campos, Pietro Lo Presti; Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560317474713964; Valejo, Alan Demétrius Baria; Manzato, Marcelo Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9546164790189830; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8598262641668520
In a digital environment where users are daily exposed to a massive volume of content, recommender systems play an essential role in filtering and personalizing information. These systems, however, face the classic dilemma between exploration (introducing new items) and exploitation (reinforcing known preferences). Finding the ideal balance between these two behaviors remains one of the major challenges in the field, especially in adaptive approaches such as contextual Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB), which learn continuously from user interactions over time. This work began with the investigation of different linear MAB algorithms in recommendation and offline evaluation scenarios. During these experiments, a systematic bias was observed in traditional metrics, favoring purely greedy methods (without exploration) and compromising both the analysis of exploratory strategies and the fair comparison between policies. To overcome these limitations, a new online evaluation methodology was proposed and implemented in a simulated environment. The KuaiSim simulator, based on the KuaiRand dataset, was extensively adapted to support multi-session interactions, contextual modeling, and temporal dependency. This infrastructure enabled a more realistic investigation of how temporal factors influence recommendation behavior. Building upon this new environment, the temporal method Time-Aware LinBoltzmann was developed. It combines linear models with Boltzmann exploration and dynamically adjusts the temperature parameter according to the time interval between user interactions. The underlying intuition is that users who return quickly tend to prefer recommendations aligned with their previous interests, while longer return intervals may indicate a greater willingness to explore new options. Experiments conducted in the simulator show that incorporating temporal information improves diversity and coverage metrics compared to baseline methods, suggesting that time is a relevant signal for modulating the balance between exploration and exploitation. These findings open new perspectives for recommender systems that are sensitive to users’ temporal behavior. The main contributions of this work include: (i) the identification and analysis of bias in offline evaluation protocols for linear MABs; (ii) the development of an online simulation framework based on temporal sessions; (iii) the proposal of the Time-Aware LinBoltzmann algorithm, which introduces temporal awareness into the exploration process; and (iv) the discussion of implications, limitations, and future opportunities for incorporating temporal information into recommender systems.
Percepção de profissionais da saúde sobre o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de cuidado paliativo perinatal na saúde suplementar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Ragazzo, Monize Secomandi Mestriner; Bussadori, Jamile Claro de Castro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4549657176930635; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0577621559432516; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-6161; D'Agostini, Flávia Corrêa Porto de Abreu; Wernet, Monika; Oliveira, Ana Izaura Basso de; Santos, Luciano Marques dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4596484326400315; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1273057181956030; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6022324341764228; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-5564; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-3261; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-7223; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-6353
Perinatal Palliative Care (PPC) is an essential approach to ensure quality of life and dignity for newborns with life-limiting conditions and their families. In Brazil, despite legal advances, such as the State Policy on Palliative Care, there are still significant gaps in the practical implementation of this care, especially in the supplementary health sector. The absence of clear protocols, specific training, and institutional support directly affect the quality of care and the well-being of professionals and families. Using a quantitative-qualitative approach with multi-methods, this investigation aimed to evaluate the perspectives of health professionals in the maternal and child area regarding the importance and possible benefits of the implementation of a PPC Protocol in a hospital institution. The study was based on the principles of PPC and adopted Interprofessionality and Collaborative Practices as a theoretical framework. The methodological design included two articulated stages, the first being represented by a scoping review and the second by the application of a questionnaire, sensitization and focus groups. Initially, a scoping review was carried out to map the scientific production on SSC and its offer by the multiprofessional team, at different levels of health care, and a manuscript was prepared, following the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Collaboration – JBIC and the report was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the results indicated a predominance of studies focused on physicians and nurses working at the tertiary level, with low interprofessional integration. In the subsequent stage, professionals from different areas of maternal and child care from a private hospital in the interior of São Paulo participated, such as nursing, medicine, psychology, physiotherapy, speech therapy and social work. The analysis of the second stage was conducted through the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique, allowing the systematization of perceptions and experiences and the identification of structuring elements for interprofessional palliative practices in the perinatal period, the results indicated that the vast majority of participants believe that the adoption of a protocol can promote greater safety, reduce anguish and qualify the care offered to families; whereas sensitization and focus groups have been found to be effective strategies to support daily practice and foster reflections on humanised care; The absence of clear guidelines, the fragmentation of practices and the need for continuous training were highlighted as challenges. It is concluded that the implementation of an interprofessional protocol for PPC can strengthen collaborative practice among health professionals, promoting greater technical and emotional safety in maternal and child care. By being limited to supplementary health, the study has an innovative character and potential impact on the qualification of institutional practices, in line with the guidelines of the World Health Organization and recent public policies aimed at the humanization of parental grief.
A eterna jornada: reflexões de vida e de medicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Boton, Isabela de Medeiros; Polido, Carla Betina Andreucci; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276149979667627; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-108X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8192708762149970
This work presents a reflection on the journey through medical school, encompassing mistakes, achievements, and lessons learned. It also includes a summary of the Scientific Initiation research carried out throughout the course, with reflections on its development and outcomes.
Complexidade e estabilidade em redes tróficas de ecossistemas de água doce
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Guerra, Pedro Pontes Bueno; Saito, Victor Satoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3312862423985585; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6112-7249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0703284086570453; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0479-1798; Ceron, Karoline; Reigada, Carolina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0999278543440248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5171685489598372
This thesis investigates the relationship between complexity and stability in food webs of freshwater ecosystems, and is structured into two main chapters. The first chapter presents a review of the key concepts necessary to understand food web structure, stability, and complexity, together with an analysis of recent trends in the literature. In this chapter, we provide a general quantification of studies addressing these topics in freshwater ecosystems, followed by a more in-depth examination of research published in the last five years. The results highlighted the most frequently studied countries, themes, and ecosystems, while also elucidating current directions in the debate on stability and complexity. This review further revealed the growing use of multivariate approaches, reflecting the importance of integrative methods to better understand processes shaped by multiple factors. The second chapter presents an empirical study on the stability of food webs and its relationship with complexity in tropical and temperate stream communities, assessing differences in community dissimilarity across space and time. We tested hypotheses related to: (i) structural differences between tropical and temperate food webs; and (ii) factors that enhance stability in these systems. The study revealed clear differences between the structures of tropical and temperate webs, as well as divergent patterns of diversity in their composition. Only a weak correlation was found between complexity parameters and stability, suggesting increase in instability in tropical webs and increase in stability in temperate ones. These results underscore the need to improve predictive models of interactions and stability metrics, as well as to advance studies that link structural aspects of food webs to their resilience. Overall, this work seeks to provide an integrated perspective on food web complexity and stability by reviewing concepts, highlighting current research trends, and presenting an empirical case study. The findings reinforce the multifactorial and multivariate nature of these processes, while also emphasizing the importance of continued research to enhance species conservation, the management of ecosystem services, and the broader understanding of ecological processes.