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Geografia e música: "Crucificados pelo sistema" (Ratos de porão) e sua resistência perante a ditadura empresarial-militar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Santos, Pedro Henrique Campos dos; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
This work presents a theoretical-methodological analysis of the album Crucificados Pelo Sistema (1984) by the Brazilian band Ratos de Porão to examine how resistance to the Brazilian dictatorial government of the early 1980s was expressed, utilizing concepts such as musical territory and cultural industry. The study contextualizes the work within the context of Brazilian Punk – a political and social movement that emerged as a reaction to the capitalization of rock, arising from the popular classes to criticize the system and the hegemonic discourse of the Business-Military Dictatorship. The research demonstrates how the album, being the first solo work by a punk band in South America, serves as a historical archive of a youth movement of the time, and also analyzes the Punk movement's efforts to remain underground, resisting co-option by the Cultural Industry through methods like fanzines.
Vulnerabilidades socioambientais no vale do Jari (AP): transformações, pressões e ameaças em comunidades amazônicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Biagioni, João Renato Marcili; Nascimento, Regina Célia Macêdo; Hanai, Frederico Yuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175
The communities of the Jari Valley, located in the state of Amapá, include riverine communities, extractivists, and quilombolas, and are subject to various conflicts related to land management and the expansion of various impactful activities. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify situations of vulnerability faced by traditional communities in the Jari Valley: Santo Antônio da Cachoeira, Quilombo São José, and São Francisco do Iratapuru. To this end, the methodology employed consists of temporal land cover analyses using data from the Mapbiomas platform and QGIS software, as well as structured interviews with community residents and SWOT analysis focusing on threats and weaknesses from the perspective of vulnerability. The main results identified five main groups of vulnerabilities: impacts of the Santo Antônio do Jari hydroelectric plant, such as an increase in the river area and a drastic loss of adjacent vegetation; effects of climate change, such as more intense droughts, compromised nut crops, and greater susceptibility of vegetation to fire; presence of outsiders, such as illegal fishermen who threaten the safety of communities and the availability of fish for consumption; activities of gold miners, increasing river pollution and the potential risk of heavy metal contamination; and lack of basic sanitation, with increased river pollution and public health problems. The use of the two methodologies was relevant in complementing each other in the identification and detailing of threats, partially overcoming their technical limitations. It can therefore be concluded that the socio-environmental vulnerabilities in the Jari Valley comprise a complex system of problems with strong synergistic elements, requiring integrated mitigation measures focused on strategic partnerships, given the limitations identified.
Filmes de ficção científica: possibilidades e entraves para o ensino de ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Santos, Augusto Guimarães dos; Lopes, Nataly Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285391776145231; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-8398; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4997374217268573; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1276-6511
This work aims to understand how science is presented in a historical and political context within American industrial films, as well as to discover the possibilities and obstacles these films present for science education. The analysis of these films was carried out using Eni P. Orlandi's Discourse Analysis, with the theoretical framework constructed through Adorno and Horkheimer's theory of the Culture Industry, and Kracauer's justifications for the validity of a film as a representation of a nation's psychological mechanisms.
Detecção de equipamentos de subestação em imagem térmica através de Aprendizado Profundo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Araújo Júnior, Genésio Alves de; França, Celso Aparecido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547836128892982
Automatic detection of equipment in thermal images has proven to be a promising solution for improving inspections in electrical substations, making the process more efficient and reducing the need for human intervention. In this work, a comparative analysis was carried out among four modern object detection architectures — YOLO (You Only Look Once) in the YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 versions, Faster R-CNN (Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network), and RetinaNet — applied to a set of thermal images from electrical substations. The evaluation considered accuracy, generalization capability, visual performance, and training time. The models were trained and evaluated using performance metrics widely adopted in the literature, such as mean Average Precision (mAP), in addition to visual analysis of the detections and processing time. The results indicated that YOLOv8 achieved the best overall performance, reaching the highest mAP@50 and mAP@50–95 values, followed closely by YOLOv5, highlighting the robustness of the YOLO family for low-contrast thermal images. Faster R-CNN showed intermediate performance, while RetinaNet presented lower metrics and greater visual instability. Thus, the findings indicate that YOLO-based models are the most suitable for thermographic inspection applications, with potential for direct use in automated monitoring systems.
Análise do discurso crítica do projeto pedagógico do curso de engenharia ambiental da UFSCar: uma leitura decolonial da modernidade científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Correia, Leonardo Stankevicius; Silva, Marcio Rogério; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6859176963189141
Este Trabajo de Conclusión de Curso analiza en qué medida el Proyecto Pedagógico del Curso (PPC) de Ingeniería Ambiental de la UFSCar reproduce el paradigma moderno de separación entre sociedad y naturaleza, asociado al agravamiento de las problemáticas socioambientales en las últimas décadas, así como en qué medida dicho PPC perpetúa el colonialismo en su discurso. Se parte del diagnóstico de intensificación de fenómenos como el calentamiento global, la deforestación, la pérdida de biodiversidad, la contaminación y el aumento de residuos, relacionándolos con procesos de crecimiento poblacional, industrialización, urbanización y uso intensivo de recursos. Teóricamente, el estudio dialoga con Boaventura de Sousa Santos y Bruno Latour: el primero evidencia los límites de una racionalidad hegemónica y excluyente que transforma la naturaleza en recurso y también evoca el concepto de decolonialidad frente a esta misma racionalidad hegemónica; el segundo demuestra el carácter ficcional de la “Constitución Moderna”, que pretende separar hechos y valores, ciencia y política, a pesar de la proliferación de híbridos socio-técnico-ecológicos. Metodológicamente, se trata de una investigación cualitativa, de carácter documental y critico-interpretativo, que aplica el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) de Norman Fairclough, posicionada desde la decolonialidad y también desde la crítica al modernismo científico presentada por los dos autores ya mencionados, al corpus constituido por el PPC de Ingeniería Ambiental de la UFSCar. A partir del análisis se pudo concluir que, por tratarse de un curso del área ambiental, la separación moderna entre sociedad y naturaleza no se encuentra completamente delimitada, aunque discusiones más amplias sobre el tema podrían ser incentivadas ya desde el PPC. También fue posible concluir que la modernidad y la colonialidad se evidencian en las ausencias del texto, como por ejemplo en la aplicación de la técnica sin un posicionamiento crítico, perpetuando así prácticas ligadas al discurso hegemónico de la colonialidad y de la modernidad. Además, se discutieron posibles soluciones para el resultado encontrado, así como iniciativas en otras universidades que buscan enfrentar las problemáticas señaladas.
Análise dos efeitos comportamentais e potencial tóxico de um inseticida à base de carbosulfan e bifentrina em Drosophila melanogaster
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Navarro, Jullya Rozendo; David, José Augusto de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1395716206085674; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-0574; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7031830378532006
Insecticides are widely used in agricultural production, and their residues in soil, water, and agricultural products pose a risk to the entire ecosystem. One of the techniques used to study the toxic effects of these chemicals is biomonitoring. Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera) is a genetically well-explored organism, with a rapid biological cycle, easy maintenance, and, after the complete sequencing of its genome, revealed about 75% genetic homology with humans, including brain structure and functioning. This study evaluated the behavioral effects and toxic potential of an insecticide based on carbosulfan and bifenthrin. The toxicity assays with the flies lasted 168 hours (7 days). The experimental design included five treatments and one control group (0; 0.126; 1.26; 12.6; 126 and 1260 μL/L) with three replicates each. The results showed an LC50 of 11.08 μL/L and a median effective concentration (EC50) for negative geotaxis of 10.21 μL/L. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for behavioral changes was 0.126 μL/L. The Spearman correlation analysis indicated a negative association between the insecticide concentration and the survival rate (ρ = -0.808; p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between sexes in the susceptibility to the insecticide. The results indicate that the commercial formulation presents synergistic effects, with neuromotor impairments detectable at sublethal concentrations lower than the lethal levels used in agriculture (6 mL/L for soybean crops). The present study concludes that the commercial product based on the active ingredients bifenthrin and carbosulfan presents significant environmental risks to non-target organisms, highlighting the importance of including regulatory assessment and risk protocols that incorporate behavioral parameters in non-target organisms.
Discursos sobre a violência contra a mulher no dark romance: uma análise de enunciados da plataforma X
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Matos, Julia de Oliveira; Pires, Lívia Maria Falconi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4769798375720121; Araújo, Lígia Mara Boin Menossi de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893136450669304
This study focuses on the analysis of enunciations taken from the platform X that discuss books from the dark romance subgenre. The central question to be debated is how these enunciations address the violence against women present in such content. The general objective of the research was to discuss how violence and male domination are perpetuated in dark romance books and in the enunciations of the readers’ community. More specifically, the study aimed to: (a) examine the discourses mobilized by these enunciating subjects; and (b) investigate whether gender-based violence is perpetuated in their statements or whether these statements discursively resist it. The research was conducted through an inductive approach, seeking to generate broader reflections from small analytical fragments. As it aims to explain issues related to the perpetuation of violence within a literary genre that remains understudied, the research can also be considered exploratory. The analyses revealed a strong discursive movement of denunciation regarding the crimes committed against women in romantic novels, as well as an attempt to regulate representations of love by defining which narratives deserve to be consumed, which should be repudiated, and which moral and psychological effects are attributed to each choice that renders domination as something beautiful or “aesthetic”.
Geografia e Música: "Crucificados pelo sistema" (Ratos de Porão) e sua resistência perante a ditadura empresarial-militar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Santos, Pedro Henrique Campos dos; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
This work presents a theoretical-methodological analysis of the album Crucificados Pelo Sistema (1984) by the Brazilian band Ratos de Porão to examine how resistance to the Brazilian dictatorial government of the early 1980s was expressed, utilizing concepts such as musical territory and cultural industry. The study contextualizes the work within the context of Brazilian Punk – a political and social movement that emerged as a reaction to the capitalization of rock, arising from the popular classes to criticize the system and the hegemonic discourse of the Business-Military Dictatorship. The research demonstrates how the album, being the first solo work by a punk band in South America, serves as a historical archive of a youth movement of the time, and also analyzes the Punk movement's efforts to remain underground, resisting co-option by the Cultural Industry through methods like fanzines.
Modelo para determinação da pressão específica de corte na usinagem com diferentes geometrias de aresta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Perim, Carla Araújo; Ventura, Carlos Eiji Hirata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1689198421096127
This work presents a method for representing the effect of rounded cutting edges based on an equivalent rake angle, calculated as a weighted average of the local angles along the effective edge length. This allows the calculation of forces using mechanistic models based on the specific cutting force obtained for different rake angles. Thus, from orthogonal turning tests on brass with chamfered cemented tungsten carbide cutting inserts and varying feed rates, empirical models were fitted to calculate the specific cutting forces in the cutting and thrust directions. Subsequently, the same type of test was conducted with inserts prepared with asymmetrical edge rounding to verify the validity of the method for calculating the force components. By comparing experimental and theoretical results, relative errors between 5% and 20.5% were observed for the specific cutting force in the cutting direction, while errors between 19.4% and 31.4% were obtained in the feed direction. This variation in errors can be attributed to the instability of chip formation at smaller feed rates, which tends to increase the observed errors. In general, it can be stated that the use of the equivalent rake angle for predicting the forces acting on the cutting inserts with different edge rounding proves to be a viable alternative for process optimization.
Análise biogeográfica do grupo de gêneros Scotussae, Tribo Dichroplini (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Piunti, Ana Laura Navarro; Lhano, Marcos Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8089627474241345; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2760-5718; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5289896581841428; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8624-1631
The Genus Group Scotussae of the Tribe Dichroplini (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) comprises seven genera of grasshoppers distributed throughout the Neotropical region, with 38 species recorded in Brazil. Given the vast territorial extent of Brazil, there is a continuous biogeographical challenge in precisely delimiting the occurrence and distribution patterns of species, and gaps in this knowledge, as is the case with the species belonging to this Group of Genus recorded in the country. Thus, this work aims to analyze the georeferenced data of species from the Genus Group Scotussae (Tribe Dichroplini) in Brazil, based on consolidated records in the scientific literature and in entomological collection databases. After tabulating this data, the QGIS software was used to create maps of the spatial distribution of the species. This approach allowed us not only to illustrate the distribution, but also to highlight the areas with the highest concentration of records and to delineate the knowledge gaps regarding the biogeography of the genera. The results demonstrated that the distribution of species in this Group of Genera is significantly associated with the Cerrado (60%), Atlantic Forest (47%), and Pampas (34%) biomes, reflecting their ecological preferences and potential relationships with environmental factors. The distribution mapping carried out in this study aims to support future investigations on Scotussae species, assisting in the determination of factors influencing their dispersal, in the identification of potential organisms for bioindication or biological control in Brazil, and providing valuable information for additional taxonomic and ecological analyses.
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de polihidroxialcanoatos aplicados como embalagens biodegradáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Dela Corte, Guilherme Castro; Pessan, Luiz Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6542955144830927; Costa, Lidiane Cristina; Luz, Sandra Maria da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8246109223926480; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8496203489725993
This study conducted a life cycle assessment using the openLCA software and the ILCD midpoint+ 2011 and Cumulative Energy Demand methodologies to measure the effect of different biomass generations as carbon sources for the microbial reduction of PHB and PHBV, in a functional unit of 1 ton of polymer resin, and to establish comparisons of ecological indicators against conventional thermoplastics, such as fossil or renewable source HDPE, when molded by designation in a functional unit of 1 500mL capacity bottle. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was structured from a cradle-to-gate perspective, considering 4 scenarios with different biomass impact sources for the installation of the PHB and 1 scenario with the carbon source with the lowest environmental impact for the PHBV, and from a cradle-to-grave perspective, considering 8 end-of-life scenarios – industrial aerobic composting or sanitary landfill for the 2 PHA, sanitary landfill or open dump for the 2 HDPE – and 13 midpoint categories – including Water Resource Depletion, Climate Change, Land Use, and Human Toxicity – in accordance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The results indicated that third-generation biomass constituted a more favorable alternative for PHA production in the evaluated indicators. Note that the PHBV had lower environmental performance than the PHB due to the contribution of the propionic acid monomer precursor. PHA bottles had lower environmental impacts than HDPE bottles only in specific scenarios and indicators (Marine Eutrophication, Human Toxicity, Cumulative Non-Renewable Energy Demand), with injection molding and end-of-life identified as the main bottlenecks in the process, whose contributions could be advantageously reduced by adjusting the energy matrix and efficiency gains, sometimes with a more decisive effect than the choice of material itself.
História e experiências pedagógicas do movimento por Cursinhos Populares em Campinas (2000-2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Krahenbuhl, Letícia Sousa; Marcelino, Giovanna Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5799491433211576
The present undergraduate thesis aims to analyze popular preparatory courses as critical educational practices, endowed with their own pedagogy and constituted as social movements committed to the democratization of access to higher education and to the formation of politically engaged subjects. By drawing on the recovery of the history and genealogy of these courses, this study examines their theoretical foundations, their connections with different social movements, and their proximity to Freirean pedagogy, understanding them as a pedagogy of the social movement. Therefore, based on the analysis of testimonies from founders, coordinators, and teachers involved in experiences of popular preparatory courses in the city of Campinas - such as TRIU and the nuclei of the Emancipa Network - between 2000 and 2020, these spaces can be understood as bearers of a collective and emancipatory pedagogy, articulating popular education and political action in the struggle for social transformation.
Um espaço para estar: a ambiência no CAPS como espaço produtor de cuidado e de liberdade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Olivato, Carlos Henrique Ercolin; Morato, Giovana Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2928616003881655
This undergraduate thesis in Occupational Therapy aims to report and reflect on the experience of an intern at a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS), focusing on the potential of the “ambiência” as a space that produces care and freedom. The methodology adopted is an experience report, grounded in the framework of Psychosocial Care and the National Humanization Policy, based on a supervised internship that took place at a CAPS II between October 2024 and February 2025. The work analyzes the intern's own trajectory of deconstructing the "mental asylums," initially focused on protocols, and details three central intervention scenes: the challenge of sustaining the listening encounter; the transition to meaningful action, which promoted authorship and protagonism for the user; and the management of freedom in an activity within the community, culminating in mutual and spontaneous care. It is concluded that the “ambiência” is a practice that demands an active professional stance from the therapist to manage freedom, not as an absence of technique, but as the main therapeutic tool. Freedom reveals itself as the condition for the production of care, allowing users to transcend passivity and assert themselves as subjects of their own existence.
A indiferença aos livros e à leitura: discursos e emoções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Lima, Pamela Sthefani do Amaral Lopes; Curcino, Luzmara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-1446; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3391558878913996
This Undergraduate Thesis was developed under the supervision of Professor Luzmara Curcino and is situated within the field of discourse studies. It is linked to the Laboratory for Reading Studies (LIRE–CNPq/UFSCar) and aligns with the group’s broader objective of analyzing discourses on reading that currently circulate in contemporary society. More specifically, it draws on principles that describe the functioning of the “order of discourse,” with particular attention to one of the emotions that shape contemporary relationships between subjects and reading, namely indifference toward books and reading.This work is part of the larger research project coordinated by my advisor and entitled “Pride, Shame, and Other Affects: An Analysis of Emotions in Discourses on Reading,” supported by CNPq – the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (process 305682/2022-9). The aim of this study is to investigate, in discourses about reading and in representations of Brazilian readers, the evocation of the emotions of “indifference” or “lack of interest” toward books and reading, based on texts published in major newspapers, in order to understand the meaning effects that impact subjects’ relationships with the universe of reading. The data that constitute the corpus of this thesis were collected from the digital archives of the newspapers “O Estado de S. Paulo” (Estadão) and “O Globo”. These texts belong to different editorial genres and were published between 2000 at 2024.The search combined the following keywords: Brazilian reader/reader/reading/books and indifference; Brazilian reader/reader/reading/books and lack of interest. This analysis is grounded in principles and concepts from Discourse Analysis, especially Michel Foucault’s The Order of Discourse, as well as studies dedicated to discourse analysis on reading, articulated with research on emotions, as developed by Luzmara Curcino (2020; 2022) and other members of LIRE. Through this analysis, we seek to understand the extent to which indifference, apathy, and lack of interest appear in texts that address the topic of reading. The central objective is to problematize indifference not merely as an absence of reading, but as an affective-discursive regime that tensions cultural and educational policies, as well as the subjectivities of those who do or do not have access to reading and books, contributing to the debate concerning the guarantee of the right to reading in contemporary society.
Bem Viver e protagonismo comunitário: importância da reafirmação identitária para relações responsáveis nas comunidades do Vale do Jari, Amapá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Macedo, Inaray Alexandra; Ghidini, Milena Sciascio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1776925150492600; Hanai, Frederico Yuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-0019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6188423944079243; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6061-3645
Buen Vivir is expressed as a life philosophy grounded in solidarity, reciprocity, and harmony with nature, assuming meanings that adapt to specific social and environmental contexts. This study examines the genuine expressions of Buen Vivir present in the traditional communities of São Francisco do Iratapuru, Santo Antônio da Cachoeira, and São José, located in the Vale do Jari (Amapá, Brazil). It seeks to understand how the meanings and values that constitute their ways of life contribute to identity-based self-affirmation, the promotion of socio-environmental conservation, and the construction of more responsible relationships between communities and external actors. The study also aims to explore how Buen Vivir supports the continuity of traditions and strengthens local ways of living, even in the face of external threats and dominant relations that jeopardize community integrity. The research adopts a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews, dialogue circles, and field observations conducted during two scientific expeditions to the Vale do Jari as part of the Amazônia+10 project. Data were analyzed using Bardin’s Content Analysis (2007), resulting in three main categories: Community Buen Vivir; Threats to Buen Vivir; and Community Protagonism. Each category contains subcategories that elucidate the identified dimensions, described on the basis of interview responses and complemented by field observations and collective discussions held during the dialogue circles. The results reveal strong interconnections among the categories, highlighting a form of Buen Vivir sustained by everyday practices, family and community relations, and a profound attachment to the territory. This occurs despite significant challenges stemming from limited infrastructure and external pressures that affect, to varying degrees, their ways of life. Even so, the communities demonstrate forms of organization that already reflect local agency, which can be further strengthened through the valorization of their histories and territorial markers—elements that shape their identity, culture, originality, and sense of belonging. These factors reinforce the communities’ claims to their territories and ways of living, shaping a deeply rooted sociocultural identity. Consequently, those who do not belong to these territories increasingly recognize themselves as visitors, acknowledging the community’s right to define rules that safeguard their ways of life and promote responsible interactions. In conclusion, this study represents an initial form of knowledge returned to the communities, emphasizing that their ways of life matter and that they are protagonists of their own histories. It aims to strengthen community self-affirmation while encouraging external actors to recognize and respect these ways of life, fostering more responsible relationships and contributing to the preservation of the sociocultural identity of the Vale do Jari.
Avaliação de escalabilidade e desempenho do plano de controle em redes definidas por software com OVN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Rodrigues, Vinícius Marques; Guardia, Hélio Crestana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5010-747X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9508631554609526
The adoption of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) in large-scale cloud environments presents significant challenges to the control plane. While the data plane has received substantial optimization through technologies such as DPDK, control plane performance—specifically the convergence latency between logical intent and physical realization—has emerged as a new critical bottleneck. Within the OpenStack ecosystem, Open Virtual Network (OVN) serves as the central orchestration component, translating Northbound logical configurations into Southbound OpenFlow flows. In legacy versions, the ovn-northd daemon performed a full recomputation of the network graph for every state change, leading to excessive CPU consumption and high latency in high-density port scenarios. This work utilizes the synthetic injection of network resources (Logical Switches and Ports) to quantify convergence time and computational resource usage. The experiments compare performance across different versions, evaluating the specific impact of the Incremental Processing mechanism. Results demonstrate that algorithmic optimization in the control plane reduces network provisioning time by orders of magnitude, thereby enabling scalability for thousands of virtual instances.
Investigação de técnicas de in-context learning para reconhecimento de entidades nomeadas para português
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Vincenzi, Bianca Couto; Di Felippo, Ariani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4566-9352; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4772167049354186; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2884-355X
In the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Named Entity Recognition (NER) is the task responsible for identifying named entities (NEs) in texts and classifying them according to predefined categories. This task enables the automated extraction of key information—such as names of people, organizations, locations, dates, and other elements—thus contributing to semantic text analysis. Given the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) for NER and other NLP tasks, this study conducted an initial investigation of several Prompt Engineering approaches for NER in texts written in standard or formal Portuguese. Specifically, we explored the In-Context Learning (ICL) strategy known as zero-shot prompting, in which the task is performed solely based on the LLM’s prior knowledge, and few-shot prompting, through which LLMs learn to perform a task from a few examples provided directly in the prompt. Each strategy was employed in combination with additional prompting techniques, including two instruction-based approaches (i.e., persona prompting and rule-based prompting) and one type of output formatting. To this end, a sample from the Porttinari-base corpus was used, consisting of 471 sentences manually annotated with NEs. This sample served as the gold standard for evaluating NER based on LLM with ICL techniques. Results show that a substantial performance improvement with the few-shot approach (F1-Score of 66.0%) compared to the zero-shot scenario (F1-Scores of 37.7%). Despite the sample limitations, it is concluded that Prompt Engineering offers a promising and agile alternative to the completion of NER to fine-tuned models.
Uma introdução à Equação de Dirac: álgebra, matrizes e espinores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Sassmannshausen, Alice Affonso; Souza, James Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-8332; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2166382139186459
The integrated understanding of Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity is essential for describing elementary particles in high-energy regimes, yet this unification is rarely explored in depth during the initial training of physics teachers. Motivated by this educational gap, we developed a conceptually coherent and mathematically grounded introduction to relativistic quantum mechanics, with emphasis on covariant wave equations and, in particular, on the Dirac equation. Beginning with the incompatibility between the Schrödinger equation and the principles of Special Relativity, we reviewed the necessary foundations of both theories with the goal of constructing a consistent framework for discussing relativistic wave equations. Building on this basis, we presented the Klein-Gordon equation as the first attempt at a covariant formulation. Although mathematically consistent, we showed that it exhibits important physical limitations, such as the non-positivity of the probability density. We then developed the derivation of the Dirac equation, motivated by the need for a wave equation linear in both temporal and spatial derivatives. We introduced the matrices $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ and $\beta$, discussing their anticommutation properties in the context of Clifford algebra, and analyzed how this matrix structure reconciles the relativistic energy-momentum relation with the probabilistic interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. We also examined the solutions of the Dirac equation, showing the natural emergence of spin $1/2$, the existence of negative-energy states, and their modern interpretation as antiparticles, a prediction later confirmed experimentally with the discovery of the positron. Finally, we highlight the formative relevance of this study by reconstructing, in an accessible and systematic manner, concepts such as spinors, matrix operators, conserved densities, and Lorentz transformations. This trajectory made it possible to emphasize not only the conceptual depth of the Dirac equation and its historical and epistemological role, but also the type of integrated view of modern theoretical physics that can be offered to undergraduate students in teacher-training programs. Such integration reinforces the importance of symmetries, mathematical representations, and the articulation between different areas of physics, thereby expanding the conceptual repertoire of future teachers and strengthening their ability to understand physics as a body of knowledge in continuous development, supported by fundamental ideas, mathematical rigor, and a permanent dialogue between theory and natural phenomena.
Substituição do azodicarbonamida (ADA) na produção de pão francês: avaliação de reagentes alternativos por planejamento fatorial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Carvalho, Patricia Aparecida Pilegi de Almeida; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0608-0278; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7434948037302747; Silva, Anna Flavia de Souza; Mamede, Maria Eugenia de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9377868738368838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2370176162781504
In Brazil, French-style bread/roll is a food consumed daily, but despite its popularity, many people are unaware of the challenges faced by the industry in maintaining consistent product quality, regardless of variations in industrial processes or fluctuations in wheat flour quality, especially during periods of wheat crop changes. Given this scenario, industries use food-grade chemical additives in the production of French-style bread/roll, which allows the product to maintain the expected standards of texture and physical characteristics such as volume, crust cracking, and “eyelash” (the typical split on top) demanded by consumers. Azodicarbonamide (ADA) is a chemical compound used in French-style bread/roll production, but its use is restricted or banned in some countries, mainly due to its potential toxicity to workers who handle bread and related products. In Brazil, the use of ADA is permitted within the limits established by Anvisa (the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency). However, identifying ingredients and processing aids that can replace this reagent without major impacts on cost, processing, quality, and especially on the sensory and physical characteristics of French-style bread/roll is crucial. Therefore, the use of chemometric tools related to Design of Experiments (DoE) and exploratory data analysis becomes an important approach for evaluating potential ADA substitutes. In this way, this master’s thesis aimed to replace ADA in French-style bread/roll production by applying chemometric tools for the screening and selection of sustainable ingredients and processing aids. Thus, contributing to the development of a solution closer to a clean-label principles and suitable for industrial use, supporting the availability of healthier bread alternatives for consumers. The data were obtained through laser topography measurements of the breads (Volscan), as well as through the measurement of the rheological interactions between the ingredient and/or processing aid and wheat flour using Alveograph, Mixolab, and Rheofermentometer methods.
Modelos de regressão para placares de jogos divididos em sets
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-16) Melo, Thiago Souza de; Leão, Jeremias da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1079978062491227; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-0198; Pereira, Gustavo Henrique de Araujo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4536501674241631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9991896631442311; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2806-8288; Botter, Denise Aparecida; Demétrio, Clarice Garcia Borges; Artes, Rinaldo; Santos Neto, Manoel Ferreira dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4167714163194354; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7923944433659347; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9878475870031007; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1989856888540153; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3609-178X; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6354-0846; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-0680
The main objective of this work is to propose regression models for the score of games divided into sets. Initially, we assume that the sets are independent and obtain the bivariate probability distribution associated with this proposal. Then, we propose a regression model assuming this probability distribution for the response variable. Inferential and diagnostic aspects of this model are discussed, the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator is evaluated, and two applications to real data are carried out. Subsequently, we assume Markovian dependence between the sets and, fixing the number of sets required for victory, we obtain the bivariate probability distribution associated with this proposal. To conclude the work, we propose a regression model assuming this probability distribution for the response variable. As in the previous model, we discuss inferential and diagnostic aspects, evaluate the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator in the model, and perform an application to real data. This final application, using Grand Slam tennis data, suggests that the proposed model is appropriate for modeling the scores of these matches as a function of covariates.