Biopolímeros ferti-liberadores: uma proposta de recipiente no cultivo de mudas de antúrio

Abstract

The inadequate handling of plastic waste used in agriculture, associated with the high need for soil fertilization, has caused several negative impacts on the environment. Developing improved efficiency fertilizers (EEF) based on biodegradable materials has become a promising alternative for fertilizer intensification since EEFs ration the amount of available fertilizer, reducing losses. Such sustainable agricultural practices have contributed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The objective of this work was, in the first stage, to produce films based on carrageenan (KC) and alginate (ALG) and to evaluate the influence of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) in concentrations of 0, 2, 3, 4, and 5 % (m/m ) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) at a concentration of 20 % (m/m) on the thermal, structural, morphological and mechanical properties of films cast on aluminum substrates coated with Teflon, polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). We also evaluated the biodegradation, swelling, and release of PO43- ions in the water. In the second stage, to produce a material with 4 % (m/m) of CNF and a multi-nutrient formulation (calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, MAP (monoammonium phosphate), MKP (monopotassium phosphate), potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and ConMicros) to achieve 0.4 dS m-1; 0.8 dS m-1; 1.2 dS m-1 and 1.6 dS m-1 according to the nutritional recommendation for the anthurium culture and to evaluate its thermal, structural, morphological, biodegradation and field performance properties. Higher concentrations of CNF altered the morphology of the composites and aided in fertilizer dispersion, delaying the release rate. The addition of fertilizer influenced the biodegradation process by increasing the microbiota and tensile strength. According to the biometric analyses, the highest concentration of fertilizers corresponding to 1.6 dS m-1 contributed to the better development of anthuriums. In conclusion, CNF and fertilizer contribute to more resistant films, with a lower PO43- ion release rate and biodegradable potential, making them a potential for cultivation containers used in anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) culture.