Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos do solo em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária

Abstract

Increasingly, food production is being sought in a sustainable way. In this context, integrated production systems emerge. In Brazil, its adoption has been increasing among producers due to the increase in soil quality, in addition to environmental preservation, productivity diversification, among several other factors. In turn, understanding the spatial variability of soil attributes in these systems is essential for producers to achieve such benefits. Therefore, the present work aimed to study the spatial variability of soil attributes in a Crop-Livestock-Forest integration area (iCLF) of Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, which encompasses different production systems (Crop-Livestock-Forest integration, Livestock-Forest integration, Crop-Livestock integration, intensive pasture and extensive pasture). For this, the following chemical attributes were evaluated in the area's soil: pH in water, pH in CaCl2, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, total acidity, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, aluminum saturation, and sulfate, at depths 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m, and the collections were made in August 2022. The maps for each of the attributes were generated using IDW interpolation (Inverse Distance Weight), and the exponent used in the method was determined based on the cross-validation process. The maps generated showed that forms of integrated management are an excellent alternative to meet sustainability demands in agricultural activities, demonstrating good results for the chemical attributes of the soil analyzed. Furthermore, the results obtained from the research will allow localized decision-making, increasing productivity and quality in the systems, leading to input savings, and reducing environmental impacts.