Análise da atuação do mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo na mudança do uso da terra no Brasil

Abstract

The debate around climate change and global warming caused mainly by anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has gained increasing prominence since the last half of the twentieth century. In Brazil, the main responsible for the highest emission rates of these gases are the land use change activities, due in large part to the increase in illegal deforestation. One of the main instruments for the reduction of these emissions was the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), created by the Kyoto Protocol, which allows the development of projects aimed at reducing GHG emissions in developing countries. Brazil has a prominent position in this market, being the third country in the world with the largest number of registered projects. Thus, this work aims to present the operation of the CDM in Brazil, highlighting the land use change activities, due to their high participation in GHG emissions in the country. To fulfill this objective, a bibliographic literature review will be conducted around the theme of CDMs in Brazil. The study will present an overview of the CDM, discussing the origins of the mechanism, the CDM in Brazil and, specifically, the projects in the afforestation and reforestation sector. It concludes that despite the important role that land use change represents for GHG emissions in Brazil and the prominent position that the country presents in the international CDM market, the performance of the mechanism in these activities is very low. This low participation is caused by a series of barriers to the supply of forestry projects and the low demand for carbon credits. Finally, possible adjustments in the mechanism are presented, aiming for a greater development of afforestation and reforestation projects after 2020.