Brasil na tela: a narrativa da nação a partir das telenovelas brasileiras e seus alcances transnacionais (1970-1985)
Resumen
Brazilian teledramaturgy is recognized worldwide as a reference for productions that propose a
realistic style. The assumed aesthetics, therefore, demanded that the genre adapts to the
demands of the public, who, in general, were interested in narratives that were based on social
reality. This entire process resulted in what is now considered to be a Brazilian tipically
teledramaturgy and that is marked by certain specificities. The main one refers to the political
scenario, since the 1970s represents, above all for the Brazilian media, a period of
authoritarianism and censorship by the military. Given this, we have as object of study the
narratives about the national and, more specifically about the Racial Relations in Brazil
transmitted by the Brazilian teledramaturgy between the decades of 1970 to 1980. In the
analysis, we carried out the study of three soap operas produced by Rede Globo, being they: “O
Bem-Amado” (1973); “Gabriela” (1975), and “Escrava Isaura” (1976). These were the first
soap operas produced by the broadcaster that committed to establish dialogues with the
Brazilian social reality, besides, these productions were the first to cross the national border,
reaching several other countries and becoming the main diffusers of narratives about Brazil. In
more specific terms, we seek to: a) Map the cultural codes narrated by Brazilian television
drama between the years 1970 and 1980; b) Analyze what are the relationships between the
cultural codes narrated and the national socio-political context; c) Understand to what extent
the national collective imagination, specifically the idea of race and racial democracy,
influenced by television drama, sought dialogues with transnational contexts. To build our
reflections we use the theoretical contributions of Cultural and Post-Colonial Studies. In
methodological terms, the present work consists of a documentary research, which included
analysis and systematization of the novels according to the techniques of Content Analysis,
seeking to categorize, among other aspects: the characteristics of black characters; their
relationships in the plots; the plots in which they circulate; historical narratives; how slavery
and racism are approached; and the meanings about Africa and African descent present in these
materials. The research it also has a documentary survey of data on the selected novels, as well
as on the internationalization process experienced by the broadcaster, obtained from searches
of documentation centers such as the Arquivo Memória Globo and the Multimeios Archive
(IDART). Therefore, the aesthetic turn in the productions is historically configured as a
successful recipe for Rede Globo. However, we can consider that, in parallel, this so-called
formula corroborates the maintenance of certain meanings, which in a certain way, dialogue
directly with a discrimination structure in force in Brazilian society. The typically Brazilian
language carries with it codes that have not become detached from racialized meanings about
blacks in Brazil. For this reason, the present research aimed to trace this past, understanding the
configuration of these cultural codes, procedurally, from the movements in which these
narratives they are revisited and updated in contemporary times.
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