Crime e geração: a universalização do ensino fundamental no encarceramento, um horizonte que visibiliza o irredento

Abstract

The number of incarcerated individuals shows a progressive increase with each survey conducted by INFOPEN - National Penitentiary Information Survey. This increase is notable among individuals over 45 years of age. The research problem of this study is to understand the relationship between the educational level of inmates and the universalization of basic education in Brazil. We investigate the influence of these factors on the increase in incarceration. To understand this possible connection, an analysis of the process of universalization of primary education in Brazil was conducted, as well as the trajectory of incarceration in the country, in order to ascertain whether individuals belonging to generations that attended school before the process of universalization and mandatory primary education, established by the Constitution of 1988, represent a larger portion of the prison population. Based on the specific objectives, this research involved a qualitative approach. Initially, stages of bibliographic research and analysis of official data on the process of universalization of basic education in Brazil were carried out, as well as information about the incarcerated population through INFOPEN. These stages allowed contextualizing the phenomenon of incarceration and understanding the relationship between schooling and the increase in the number of people deprived of liberty. In addition, information was collected directly from research participants. Questionnaires were administered and interviews were conducted with individuals over 50 years of age in situations of deprivation of liberty at the Compact Penitentiary of Avanhandava - SP. These interviews allowed investigating the educational trajectories of the participants, including frequency, interruption, and level of education attained. Aspects related to the domestic and socioeconomic environment were also explored, as well as possible factors that contributed to the interruption of studies, such as the need to work and the lack of encouragement from the domestic nucleus. The analysis revealed that the lack of access to quality education and early interruption of studies contribute to prison trajectories. Economic difficulties and the lack of encouragement from the domestic nucleus play a significant role. Although the participants' narratives do not provide a complete understanding of the crimes committed, they highlight the complexity of socioeconomic factors and the domestic environment that contribute to involvement in the prison system. The lack of educational opportunities and the interruption of studies exacerbate social, economic, and familial inequalities, creating a conducive environment for criminal activities.