Implementação da iniciativa unidade básica amiga da amamentação : educação continuada e prática profissional

Abstract

Although the benefits that the maternal breast-feeding brings for the baby, the mother, the family and the society, wean it precocious have been frequent practical. Some authors recognize that, amongst the diverse factors that can influence the practical of the maternal breast-feeding is a performance of the health professionals and, in many situations, these professionals are not enabled to take care of to the women during the gestation and/or period of maternal breastfeeding. Some measures had been adopted for governmental bodies, with purpose to increase maternal breast-feeding, between them, Initiative Unit Basic Friend of Maternal breast-feeding (IUBAAM in portuguese), proposal for Health Ministry, that delineates an important paper that the Basic Units of Attention to the Health can play, for the promotion, protection and support of the maternal breast-feeding. To receive the heading of Basic Unit Friend of Maternal Breastfeeding 10 steps will have to be followed, being that the qualification of the team of the unit becomes the basic step for the others one. The present work had as objective to evaluate which the contributions of the course of continuated education considered by the IUBAAM, for the practical of the professionals of health of the maternal-infantile team. It was a descriptive qualitative research. For the collection of the data the following procedures had been carried through: interview and observation of practical of the four professionals of a Basic Unit of Health (nurse, nurse aid, pediatrist and obstetrician) before and after course, accompaniment of the accomplishment of the course, observation of the practical professional and the actions to be developed for the unit after the course. The data of the interviews and the comment, carried through before the qualification course, had shown that the formation of these professionals in the thematic of the maternal breast-feeding was insufficient for the performance of them in this one. The course was evaluated, for the professionals, as a moment important of learning and to share knowledge, being detached the methodology of the problematization as primordial factor in the learning of the contents. The practical lesson, that happens in elapsing of the course, was pointed as basic in the consolidation of the learnings. About to the changes of attitudes in the practical professional it was verified that exists an attempt to change these ones, however, when the action proposal involved a bigger joint among the members of the team and changes in the routines of assistance of the unit, the professionals have had much difficulty to place it in practical. The implementation of the groups of support the mothers and pregnants, pointed for the professionals as one of the most important actions, was the moust difficult activit to be viabilitated inside of the routine of the unit. The alleged reasons had been: the lack of physical space, the reduced number of professionals, the lack of time and the excess of attributions. In such a way we understand that, although to bring important contributions for the practical professional, the qualification course, by itself, does not to provoke great changes in the attitudes of the professionals and the routines of the Unit of health. It is necessary to have a proposal, on the part of the local managers of health, that praises the accompaniment of the process of implementation of the steps considered for the IUBAAM and its posterior evaluation.