Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) : articulações entre a educação Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) e as propostas educacionais nacionais para o ensino de química

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to investigate the content and structure of Chemistry questions from National High School Exam (ENEM) from 2004 to 2007, seeking to identify if they whether approach or deviate from Science, Technology and Society (STS) curriculum perspective of science education, and the possible relation of competencies and skills required in ENEM s Chemistry questions with the national curriculum proposals. In addition, we sought to examine if ENEM s questions satisfactorily measures skills and competencies needed to promote scientific literacy, according to the STS perspective, at the end of Basic Education. Method was based on documentary analysis of ENEM s questions and technical reports between 2004 and 2007, and through discursive textual analysis of interest material categories have been defined and allowed to infer considering STS focus and official national documents of Chemistry education/teaching similarities and differences proposed and occurred of what would be necessary to learn and how that learned knowledge would be evaluated by the exam at the end of Basic Education. It was observed that theories of ENEM of studied official documents and of STS s assumptions for education have much in common; however, when ENEM puts into practice the exam and the selection of questions to evaluation, there is a discrepancy between what was proposed and what occurred. Overall, it was noted that the skills assessed on most questions are not fully used, that is, what is evaluated is only part of the skill disposed in the question. The problem is not related to, therefore, not to make known or exist a STS relation in the questions, but to the cognitive complexity placed on the theory that in practice is not the case. What we see is a superficial check and, therefore, cognitively speaking, partial of the skill that the question is proposed to evaluate.