Estudo taxonômico e ecológico dos Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea) em área de mata atlântica em diferentes estágios sucessionais, no Parque Estadual da Serra Do Mar, São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP, Brasil
Abstract
The Hymenoptera parasitoids have valuable ecological role as predators, pollinators,
and parasitoids, being responsible for the natural control of populations of many phytophagous species. This paper aims to contribute to the increase in knowledge about
taxonomy and geographical distribution of Ichneumonidae family in forest patches of
tropical rainforest in different successional stages in Serra do Mar State Park, Santa Virgínia
Center, São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP . The material was collected using Moericke traps in nine
points, three in each area, degraded, secondary succession and preserved. The samples were
collected every 30 days for 12 months. Data Loggers were used to obtain local abiotic
variables information. Of the 19 identified subfamilies, Cryptinae, Ichneumoninae and
Orthocentrinae were the most abundant and the only ones considered common, dominant
and constant, while Ctenopelmatinae, Labeninae, and Lycorininae Ophioninae were
considered rare. The preserved area had the highest abundance and lower richness. The
highest richness, diversity and evenness were observed in degraded area, the lowest
abundance and evenness in secondary succession area. The abundance's distribution of
subfamilies showed a positive relationship between the dry and rainy seasons and the
different successional stages. In degraded and secondary succession areas, there was no
significance in the relationship between the variations of richness, abundance and diversity
of Ichneumonidae’s subfamilies and abiotic variables. In preserved area, there was an
indication of the relationship between measures of diversity and relative humidity. The
Anomaloninae, Banchinae, Cremastinae, Ctenopelmatinae, Diplazontinae, Labeninae,
Lycorininae, Mesochorinae, Metopiinae, Nesomesochorinae, Ophioninae, Pimplinae,
Rhyssinae, Tersilochinae and Tryphoninae were identified in 72 species and morphospecies,
divided into 32 genera, with 20 possible new species. Five genera and 22 species were
reported for the first time to Brazil.