Uma avaliação do bioma Cerrado fundamentada na teoria da transição florestal

Abstract

The Cerrado is considered a biome of high biodiversity, covering approximately 23% of Brazil's territory. It holds significant historical, ecological, cultural, and economic importance for the country while facing major challenges related to native vegetation loss and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. This study aims to assess the Cerrado biome based on the Forest Transition Theory (FTT), a theoretical model that evaluates changes in forest cover over time, considering economic, social, and environmental factors. This research utilizes data from the MapBiomas project, which compiles land use information from 1985 to 2023, along with relevant studies to identify the biome's forest transition phase and explore the direct and indirect factors influencing land use and the various mechanisms of forest transition. The results indicate that most of the Cerrado is in an intermediate stage of forest transition, characterized by persistent large-scale deforestation and native vegetation fragmentation. The assessment highlights the relevance of factors such as the expansion of agribusiness, global demand for commodities, especially soy and beef, and the relative lack of studies and funding dedicated to the biome. Additionally, the study discusses the hidden losses associated with both anthropogenic and natural reforestation, emphasizing the importance of strategies that reconcile forest recovery with the protection of remaining areas. The monograph concludes that the environmental conservation of the Cerrado requires the implementation of integrated public policies that incorporate FTT mechanisms, such as economic incentives and environmental governance, as well as the participation of local communities. It also underscores the need for sustainable management actions and global initiatives to reduce pressures on the biome, ensuring its preservation and the maintenance of its ecosystem services. This study contributes to the understanding of land-use dynamics in the Cerrado and provides insights for future research and policy-making aimed at the biome's sustainability.