Produtividade total dos fatores e emissões de gases de efeito estufa: uma análise para a agropecuária na Amazônia Legal

Abstract

Deforestation in the Legal Amazon region is one of the main factors generating greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions can be minimized with the efficient use of areas destined for agriculture in the region. Given this context, this study aims to measure the growth in Total Factor Productivity - TFP - based on data from the 2006 and 2017 Agricultural Censuses, Municipal Agricultural Production - PAM - and the state's Gross Domestic Product - GDP - for agriculture, all published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE, as well as data from the Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Estimation System - SEEG. The estimates were made using the Malmquist (M) and generalized Malmquist (GM) indices, which do not take into account the generation of undesirable by-products, the Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). These indices were compared with the Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) and global Malmquist-Luenberger (GML) indices, which take into account the presence of these by-products in agricultural production. The results pointed to a growth in TFP for the Legal Amazon, both for productivity and for the change in technical efficiency and technological efficiency. However, for the GML and ML indices, which take into account the existence of by-products, growth was lower than for the M and GM indices. The results also show that in 56% of the municipalities in the Legal Amazon there is a greater productive emphasis on economic growth.