Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2007-08-31"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 21706

Estudo de comunidades planctônicas (bacterioplâncton, nanoflagelados, fitoplâncton e zooplâncton) em um pequeno reservatório tropical - experimentos com mesocosmos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-08-31)
Lucinda, Irene
;
Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0406853529281876
A leitura na escola : concepções de professores de diferentes disciplinas das séries finais do Ensino Fundamental.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-08-31)
Silva, Maria Vitoria da
;
Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9448655452264969
In the exercise of the teaching, teachers of the Final Series of the Fundamental Teaching have come across a significant amount of students that doesn't present necessary basic reading abilities for the learning of specific contents of the several disciplines. In that perspective, we brought up the following research question which guided the present work: How do the teachers of several disciplines of the Fundamental Teaching final series conceive the reading and its teaching? To answer to that questioning we figured out as general objective, to understand the reading conceptions that permeate the teacher's pedagogic practice of the several disciplines of the Fundamental Teaching final series. The theoretical referential is ruled in the studies of Imbernón, Pacheco and Flores, Nóvoa and Mizukami, which have been pointing important contributions for the debate and construction of knowledge on the educational formation and the teacher's professional development and also in the studies of Chartier, Kleiman, Silva, Solé, which conceive the reading as a continuous process, complex and plural, supplying important contributions for its discussion in the education field. The methodological procedures were orientated by the principles of the qualitative research in education, especially the valorization of the teachers' voice, trying to understand their conceptions, their knowledge and faiths as basis of their work with the teaching. As data collection instruments were used the semi-structured interview and the analysis of written materials (course plans, class script and written activities). Five experienced teachers of the disciplines Sciences, Geography, History, Mathematics and Portuguese took part in the research. They teach from 5th to 8th series of the Fundamental Teaching at a school located in the rural area of the municipal district of Feira de Santana, Bahia. The collected data were contained into five analysis dimensions, that is, reading definition, school and reading relationship, reading and specific content relationship, the student's relationship with the reading and the teaching process and reading learning in different disciplines. As result, is possible to stand out that the teachers present in the most conceptual dimensions, a wide, continuous and dynamic conception about the reading. In the dimensions that involve the student and the classroom, a certain distance is verified between what they speak and what the theory proposes. However, it is noticed in the practices reported by the teachers, indications of a search movement for innovation of the daily practices. They recognize the need of the group work involving the whole school around the learning of the reading. We stand out the continuous formation that happens in the exercise of the teaching and in the group work in the school, as a possibility for the teacher to build strategies that contribute with the student's development in what refers to a competent reader's abilities.
Análise de uma experiência de atitudes comunicativas entre mãe e adolescente surdocega: construção de significados compartilhados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-08-31)
Cambruzzi, Rita de Cássia Silveira
;
Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324662126060982
The objective of this paper was to identify and analyze the communicative attitudes between a mother and her deafblind adolescent daughter, and also to contribute and promote the development of significant communication between them. In order for this to happen, supporting procedures were employed throughout this research, fomenting the mother as mediator of the process, making her aware of the different communication methods available and teaching her how to apply them to her natural environment, as well as to the social one. The results show significant differences. However, there is need of a broader connection to be established the family, so that the program to be implemented be consolidated in the execution of the activities and, as a consequence carry out the construction process of shared meaning. The journey that begins from this point on seems long. However, the first paces have already been established, renewing our persevering forces
Estudo de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP's) de corpos d'água em zonas urbanas como subsídio à legislação pertinente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-08-31)
Padilha, Daniele Corrêa de Castro
;
Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6943945257521138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6943945257521138
The purpose of this paper by performing a bibliographic review and case study, in São Carlos (SP), was to study the application of the Code Forest in Permanent Preservation Areas to urban water courses approaching legal aspects and the others laws corresponding. Like this to reach the problems and conflicts in the application of the Code Forest the use and occupation of the soil. Some subsidies were proposed in order to contribute to the definition of new technical and legal references for a more practical and adequate application of the urban APP, according to the context in which it is inserted on the search for a harmonic acquaintance among Man and Nature.
Macroinvertebrados em córregos da região da Mata Atlântica (Sudeste do Brasil): influência da cultivo de banana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-08-31)
Kleine, Priscilla
;
Strixino, Susana Trivinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360277748362283
The integrity of aquatic ecosystems has been compromised by innumerable anthropogenic actions, for example, extensive agriculture that has been producing alterations in water quality and aquatic community characteristics. Much is known about annual plantations as sugar cane, soybeans, corn, but little information is available about some perennial plantations in the tropical areas. In this study we assess the influence of the banana plantation on macroinvertebrate communities in low-order streams in Southeastern Brazil. The samplings were carried out 10 streams in the State of São Paulo, of which, five located in areas of banana s culture and five in forested areas. In each stream, physical and chemical variables as well as concentrations of bioavailable metals in the sediment (Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mg, Pb, Ni) were measured. Macroinvertebrates were simultaneously collected with both a D-net, and with Surber samplers. The concentrations of metals were higher in the sediment of streams in the banana plantations sites when compared with streams in forested areas. Of the 4427 aquatic macroinvertebrates collected, 61 families were found, 51 in forested streams and 49 in the banana plantation sites. Gripopterygidae, Perlidae, Leptophlebiidae, Leptoceridae, Helicopsychidae, and Palaemonidae were more abundant in forested streams, while Hydropsychidae, Chironomidae and Baetidae were more abundant in the streams in the banana plantations. Macroinvertebrate diversity, richness, and evenness indexes responded to land use characteristics; the most forested streams sustains the highest community diversity. NMDS ordination applied to the fauna data of all streams also evidenced the separation between forested streams and banana plantations streams. Mantel and partial Mantel tests indicated high correlation between the community structure and land uses and geographic distances. Therefore, this agricultural activity seems to influence the structure of macroinvertebrate communities in low order streams in the Atlantic Forest region.
Pós-modernidade e risco na bacia hidrográfica do Alto Paranapanema: uma análise da construção social da sub-política ambiental no município de Piraju (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-08-31)
Cerveira Filho, José Luiz Fernandes
;
Vargas, Marcelo Coutinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0243387443214953
During the twenty century the hydroelectric industry was responsible for the most offers of energy in Brazil. However, recently hás been sharpen with one the biggest responsible for the environmental degradation enlargement. After diverses conspicuousness about environmental damages, the society began to reflect in more deeply way about there future and there mecanisms of technical development. The misfortunes systematic harvest in the environmental field brings the real possibility of social interference, by new institutions, as well others not so new, but reformulated, like some legal institutes of long tradition. If, in one hand, the legal institutional acknologment that suchlike activity degrades the environmental not guarantee that quelly measures can be catched, in the other hand, contributes expressively towards the development and the legitimation of new morals patthers of sociability. Is the moment that we qualify the pos modernity, when emerges the favourable conditions in order to social action, mainly in local level, where perceives and manages in concrete way the impremeditated consequences of the energy matrix development. The general objective of this study was apprehend what were the motivations for the municipality of Piraju (SP) elaborated and aproved one ensemble of restrictives measures to new hydroeletric activity. Specifically seeks to comprehend how the process of social construction of this reflective mark happens, and how the study of this construcionist process can corroborate with some comtemporary social theory. Secundarly tried to comprise the career of local environmental moviment and whereby variant of this interest, how some questions considers pos moderns collaborates for the local desconstruction by the developmentism of the hydoreletric sector.
Modelagem matemática do processo de secagem, por convecção forçada, de sistemas simuladores de alimentos esféricos e deformáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-05)
Arrieche, Leonardo da Silva
;
Sartori, Dermeval José Mazzini
A opção cooperativa: os trabalhadores diante da falta de alternativas de ocupação e renda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-09)
Mondadore, Ana Paula Carletto
;
Lima, Jacob Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6285229833158202
From the 90 s decade, the economical, technological and organizational changes that characterized the process of productive restructuralization in Brazil had as a result deep transformations on the job market. In this context the work and production cooperatives resurge, perceived as a possible alternative of occupation for the workers. These cooperatives have caused an ample debate about their effective role and possibilities. On one hand, there are the defenders of the called Solidarity Economy, who see the cooperatives organization not only as an option of unemployment, but a chance, for the workers to perform a change inside the structures of capitalism. On the other hand, the cooperatives are perceived according to their functionality for the capital, being organized to attend the necessities of cost reduction at the companies through the elimination of the social benefits included in the wage relation. We investigated a cooperative that produces clothes, which works outsourced for a big company of the sector, to recover the workers perception about the self-managing work. We noticed that the option for the co-operative work reveals a lot of dimensions, from the economical choice, through the guarantee of job and high salaries to the characteristical autonomy of the self-managing enterprises, but the deep transformation in the relation between capital and work is far from effectively happen in the day-by-day totality of the cooperative work, mainly if we think about the relation between company and cooperative
Estratégia de produção: influências na gestão da estrutura e das relações de cadeia de suprimentos - caso no setor de linha branca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-10)
Sousa, Ana Beatriz Lopes de
;
Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8088778385878104
This research aims to understand how white goods company s production strategy affects structural and relacional aspects of supply chain management, in specially those relatives of first tier suppliers. A reason for this research is the importance of understanding the dynamic of companies supply chain, constantly requested to serve all kinds of different markets. It couldn t be found a referential model to analyze this research, so a hypothesis is used: production strategy decisions influences the structure and relationship of supply chain management by execution of business process with suppliers. So, based on some aspects of production strategy and supply chain management literature, this research seeks to determine some elements capable of management tools to find out if that hypothesis is correct.The managemently elements are taken because they promote the integration of business process, bonding focal company and suppliers. This research is characterized by explorative and qualitative search and the way to get information is done through interviews with purchase and products development managers of focal company and production managers of suppliers companies. The main contribution of this research is to find out that production strategy s focal company influences the structure and relationship of supply chain management. This occur by conformation of managemently elements that allow cooperation of first tier suppliers, due to those stand the execution of business process of focal company.
Investigando geometria: aprendizagens de professoras da educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-10)
Lamonato, Maiza
;
Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9619359782586567
The present work begins from the teaching experience of its researcher and in studies which identify the absence of geometry teaching in the education of children and youngsters; it is also based on data indicating the formation possibilities of mathematical investigation in the math teaching, and research specifically considering geometry as a privileged field for exploration and investigation. Its main objective was to investigate the teaching professional knowledge of four six-year-old pupil teachers and it chiefly focused on the moments when such teachers: got involved in geometry exploratory-investigative activities, discussed the teaching process in this math field, designed tasks to be implemented in the lessons, experienced the pedagogical process and meditated on it. Furthermore, it sought to investigate the formation possibilities of exploratory-investigative activities in the constitution and (re)significance of the teacher s knowledge and the possibilities for such activities to be in the lessons for six-year-olds through the actions developed by the participant teachers. This study counts on the qualitative approach and its theoretical fundamentals lie in the research on teacher s knowledge taking into consideration that learning to teach is a continuous process influenced by various aspects and in the works on exploratory-investigative activities in the math teaching. The empirical data stem from an in-service education course and consist of: researcher s diary notes, participant teachers notes, video recordings, and transcriptions of the recordings at the meetings in the course, where the researcher also acted as a trainer. The data analysis was then based on three facets: the importance geometry takes, exploratory-investigative activities and teacher s knowledge, the reconstruction of professional knowledge as to the reconsideration of the pedagogical praxis. The analysis confirmed that geometry is not a math field regularly present in the teachers school routine owing to their experience when at school as students and presently as teachers. During the participation of the teachers in the activities designed for them to learn geometry in the context of exploratory-investigative math, an initial feeling of estrangement arose towards open-ended tasks, progressed by a questioning and argumentative attitude. It also came to light some elements related to the importance of the tasks in the development of the activity. The reconsideration of the pedagogical practice as a result of the activities experienced and the moments of sharing reflections gave birth to the development of new viewpoints as to how geometry is conceived at the outset of primary school, being beyond geometric patterns and encompassing spatial notions and spatial representations. Moreover, such reconsideration resulted in new elaborations of the pedagogical content knowledge, which indicates possibilities for mathematical exploration-investigation in the math teaching for six-year-olds. It also showed changes in the teachers attitude when adopting a questioning and investigative posture, which would, in turn, take children to question and justify their hypothesis in an integrated activity with their teacher. The actions developed by the participant teachers in the classroom confirmed such possibilities, and brought new perspectives to understand the purpose in the children s writing and attitudes when playing in the room.
Complexos de cobre(II) e oxovanádio(IV) com bases de Schiff Quirais: preparação, caracterização e alguns ensaios catalíticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-11)
Romera, Sandra
;
Dockal, Edward Ralph
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2218901978475504
Salen complexes are an important class of coordination compounds, which have been used to catalyze a wide variety of reactions. The salen complexes have emerged as efficient and practical catalysts for the asymmetric oxidation of various organic substrates. In this thesis, copper(II) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes of the salcn type ligand [salcn= N, N -bis- (salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine] have been investigated as catalysts for oxidation of organic sulfide. The first part of this work describes the synthesis and characterization of the free ligands and copper(II) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes. The combination of four complementary techniques (IR, UV-vis, 1HNMR-13CNMR and X-ray) made possible the characterization of the free ligands and complexes. Six unpublished crystallographic structures were determined: four ligands and two oxovanadium(IV) complexes . In the second part of this research were studied catalytic properties of some complexes in oxidation of phenyl methyl sulfide using acetonitrile as the solvent and hydrogen peroxide and t-butylperoxide as the oxidant. The [Cu(salcn)] and [VO(salcn)] with electrons donors and electrons withdrawing substituents were tested for catalytic oxidation. The effect of reaction conditions on activity with various oxidants gave distinctly different yields. The complex trans-(±)-[Cu(5- Clsalcn) showed the best result, with 73% of the sulfide conversion. This is result was showed with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. The yields obtained for the other compounds vary of 11-32%.
A influência do material didático na motivação de aprendizes da língua inglesa em contexto de ensino público
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-12)
Campos-Gonella, Cristiane Oliveira
;
Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906
The aim of this work is to verify the motivation of students to study English in the beginning of their first year right after primary school (5Th grade in Brazil), as well as to analyze the influence of teaching materials adopted in the students motivational disposition. We have confirmed, through our analyses, the hypothesis that students are motivated in the beginning of the foreign language teaching and learning process and, based on authors such as Augusto-Navarro (2007), Barbirato (2005), Stipek (2002), Dörnyei (2001), Peacock (1997), Pintrich e Schunk (1996), Almeida Filho (1994), Viana (1990), Krashen e Terrell (1983), and others, we discuss some characteristics, which if guaranteed in the teaching material, may help the teacher to maintain students motivation. This study may contribute for a better comprehension of the frequent demotivation process observed among English language students in Brazilian public schools. It also presents the characteristics of highly motivating, as well as demotivating, EFL teaching activities.
Caracterização ótica de poços quânticos de GaMnAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-12)
Holgado, Danny Pilar Araucano
;
Gobato, Yara Galvão
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035102451161467
In this work, we have studied GaAs/AlAs/Ga1-xMnxAs quantum wells (QWs) with low Mn concentration ( 0 < x < 0,2%). The samples were grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) in high temperature (450 C). The growth conditions were chosen to reduce the incorporation of As and interstitial Mn resulting in samples of good optical quality. We have studied samples growth in (311B) and (001) GaAs substrates with different manganese concentrations, x = 0.0%, 0.07%; 0.1%;. We have performed measurements of polarized resolved photoluminescence for magnetic field up to 15T in Faraday configuration. We determined the degree of circular polarization and the excitonic spin-splitting for the QW emission as function of magnetic field.
Refratários para o transporte de alumínio líquido: fundamentos, simulação e prática industrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-13)
Miyaji, Dan Yushin
;
Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4150977564959773
Not only for the development of their products, the aluminum industry has engaged its efforts in services for their customers. One of them is the molten aluminum delivery (7 to 8 t) in crucibles for long distances (over 100 to 200 km). This is an advantageous practice for the customers because it allows saving energy in the melting process, and the suppliers can add value to the metal purchased. Because the process demands great amount of molten metal, a high thermal and mechanical performance of the crucible lining is needed. Thus, a systemic analysis involving design, thermodynamic, microstructure, thermal conductivity and thermo-mechanical aspects must be considered. This work aims to match these fundaments, the industrial results, the laboratory characterization of materials and the computing simulations using a software recently developed by the working team. This software is able to predict the thermal behavior of the heated containers even under operation. Therefore, based on the three pillars named theory , simulation and industrial results a new commercial refractory lining were selected improving the net volume of the crucible and saving the energy required for its pre-heating. As a second step of the resent work, one of main weak points of this refractory, the erosion resistance, was minimized
Desenvolvimento de nanocamadas e nanocristais de Óxido de Zircônio aplicados a catálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-14)
Santos, Valdemir dos
;
Leite, Edson Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1070760903014158
This work investigate the synthesis and characterization of a catalytic support of -alumina with a nanolayers and nanocrystals of ZrO2. The incorporation of the platinum began during and after the formation of the catalytic support. The technology is based on the Pechini method. The nanolayer was applied to cover the surface of the γ-alumina, avoiding a direct contact with the active phase (Pt). The structural and morphologic properties of these materials were analyzed through X ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electronic microscopy and zeta potential among anothers. It is found that surface reaction of alumina with zirconium (polimeric resin) leads to high dispersion of Zr. Degree of dispersion depends on several parameters such as heating treatment , zirconia cotent. Zirconia on alumina is atomically dispersed and forms only one phase in the range 10-25 wt% ZrO2. After this concentration level of ZrO2 crystallite are formed. Was observed that Pt present on catalytic support maintain high disperssion degree, this feature is independent of route used. The data analysis suggest that catalytic surface properties are different. Therefore, a particular catalytic behavior for these catalysts are expected.
Avaliação da resistência à corrosão da liga 2024-T351 soldada por FSW Friction Stir Welding
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-14)
Busquim, Thaís de Paula
;
Kuri, Sebastião Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8532573164336075
The corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy can be impaired due to intermetallic precipitation during thermal treatment to improve mechanical properties. This work investigates the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy 2024-T351 and the joint welded by FSW. Microstructural analysis and microhardness tests were made. Intergranular corrosion tests according to ASTM G110-97, exfoliation corrosion tests according to ASTM G 34-01 and stress corrosion cracking in 3.5% NaCl according to ASTM G 129-00, were carried out. Anodic behavior was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution. It was not detected intermetallic precipitates by electron and optical microscopy. It was also detected that the joint was more severe attacked than the base metal by intergranular corrosion and exfoliation tests. The welded joint was susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in tests carried out with low nominal strain rate of 10-7 s-1. Base metal and the joint in tests carried out in air and in 3.5% NaCl at strain rate of 10-6 s-1 showed ductile behavior, while the joint with strain rate of 10-7 s-1 showed fragile behavior. The polarization test in chloride medium of aluminum alloys didn t show passive breakdown what make difficult to determinate the pitting potential. Polarization curves indicated that the welded joint had lower current density and higher potential than the base metal. In lower potentials pitting was formed majoritary at grain boundaries
Programa computacional de ensino de habilidades auditivas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-19)
Nascimento, Leandra Tabanez do
;
Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1028716927053854
There is a great need to guarantee more access of the hearing impaired to hearing rehabilitation, specially their participation in auditory training programs (teaching of hearing behavior). Teaching computer programs which can be utilized by professionals, to guide and support the rehabilitation, and by the hearing impaired themselves and their family members, to perform home activities, are an alternative. This study aimed at applying and assessing a teaching program for the hearing recognition of words and sentences in the speech-to-noise ratio (SNR) of +10 dB. Four children with profound neurosensorial hearing impairment and one child presented mild to profound neurosensorial hearing impairment with neuropathy/auditory dyssynchrony, in the age range 7-9 yrs, able to read and write, all with pre-lingual hearing impairment and users of cochlear implant with full insertion of electrodes, presenting some ability in open-set speech recognition, were selected. The teaching procedure utilized the task known as matching to sample, that is, during the teaching tasks, a dictated word or sentence was presented as a model stimulus, and three written words or sentences were presented, as a comparison stimulus. The recognition of a set of 45 words and 45 sentences in the +10 dB SNR was taught, and to present the tasks, a modification of software Mestre and a notebook were used. The hearing recognition of dissyllabic words and sentences in silence and in the +10 dB SNR was assessed before and after the teaching. Four out of the five participants presented an increase in the indexes of words and phonemes recognition in silence and all participants presented an increase in the indexes of words and phonemes recognition, in the +10 dB SNR and in the indexes of sentence recognition, in silence and in the +10 dB SNR, after participating in the teaching program. Based on matching to sample, this program favored the emergence of the hearing behavior to recognize words and sentences, in the +10 dB SNR, in those participating in the program. The teaching program showed to be effective for the teaching of hearing abilities to children presented with pre-lingual hearing impairment, users of cochlear implant.
Entre terra e mar: história e política na narrativa oficial das forças armadas brasileiras – os casos do Exército e da Marinha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-19)
Mancuso, Amanda Pinheiro
;
Martins Filho, João Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0883829798601245
This research consists of an analysis of Army and Navy history development presented on the official history publications História do Exército Brasleiro and História Naval Brasileira, aiming at the comprehension on how public and private aspects of those two forces intercrossed for the construction of a historical speech compatible with both, the maintenance of their self-image and the reality of their intersection on nation history. By reproducing and sustaining a military ethos, this speech materializes one of the resources that can be used to understand important aspects of the military identity
Efeitos dos treinos físico e mental no ensino do rolamento para a frente em alunos com deficiência mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-20)
Tonello, Maria Georgina Marques
;
Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6187227604454019
People with mental retardation usually present motor development delays. Nevertheless, these delays seem to be more often related to cognitive factors such as attention and comprehension than to motor or mental deficits. Strategies have been developed to teach motor skills to this population. One of the existing strategies is mental training, which is based on imagining the movement to be executed without the presence of the physical movement. The general objective of this doctoral dissertation was to apply a procedure based on physical and mental training to the teaching of rolling forward, a basic skill for artistic gymnastics practitioners, and to verify its effects in mentally retarded students. In experiment 1 there were two subjects (P1 and P2) aged 15 and 20 respectively, enrolled in a school for the mentally retarded. A single-subject experimental design with alternating treatments was applied. The rolling forward skill was divided in four phases. The results showed that P1 learned all the phases of forward rolling, whereas P2 learned partially phases I and II of the skill taught. We believe that the difficulty found by this participant was due to his motor difficulties, once he also presented an associated physical handicap. The purpose of experiment 2 was to apply the mental training procedure and verifying their effects in the forward rolling learning process in three students aged 12, 12 and 16, respectively, all of them with mental retardation. The experimental design applied was of the single subject in a multiple baseline design. The participants of this study learned all phases of forward rolling, and even though they presented different performance levels, all of them benefited from the strategy used. We realized that the mental training elicited other behaviors from the participants like: following rules, self-conversation, attention, concentration and relaxation. To understand the aspects that affect the use of mental training and to establish experimental designs to investigate this strategy were some of the contributions of this work.
Caracterização elétrica, dielétrica e anelástica de transições de fase em cerâmicas de Pb (Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-20)
Fraygola, Bárbara Maraston
;
Eiras, José Antônio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6653223814715498
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337081921331056
El Niobato de plomo y hierro Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 es un material multiferroico: es ferroeléctrico a temperaturas inferiores a 383K y antiferromagnético a temperaturas inferiores a 143K, presentando propiedades magnetoelétricas abajo de esta temperatura. Existen en la literatura controversias en cuanto al número de transiciones de fases para este material, y en particularmente, sobre la existencia de dos transiciones entre fases ferroeléctricas entre la temperatura de Curie y 250K. En este trabajo fueran medidas la atenuación y la velocidad ultrasónicas, la resistividad eléctrica, el coeficiente piroeléctrico y la permisividad dielétrica en cerámicas de PFN. Las medidas inelásticas presentan anomalías a 353K, 315K, 250K e 172K que pueden asociarse a la transición para-ferroeléctrica, a las dos transiciones de fases entre fases ferroeléctricas propuestas en la literatura, y a la transición para-antiferromagnética. La permisividad dieléctrica solamente registra anomalías en la región de transición para-ferroeléctrica, mientras que el coeficiente piroeléctrico registra el mismo comportamiento que el observado para las constantes elásticas. A través de medidas eléctricas observamos un cambio en la energía de activación alrededor de la temperatura de ordenamiento magnético, mostrando a altas temperaturas un comportamiento diferenciado para muestras sinterizadas por caminos distintos. Correlacionando los resultados en la región de transición de fase paraantiferromagnética proponemos que el acoplamento magnetoelétrico envuelve necesariamente contribuciones elásticas (acoplamiento via strain). Proponemos además que este acoplamiento entre la magnetización y el strain es del tipo piezomagnético. La diferencia en temperaturas en anomalías correspondientes a la transición para-antiferromagnética obtenidas experimentalmente con la temperatura de Neél está prevista en la literatura y está asociada al desorden en la red cristalina. Esta dependencia con el desorden fue comprobada al obtener-se anomalías a temperaturas diferentes en la región de ordenamiento magnético para muestras tratadas térmicamente en atmósfera oxidante. Encontramos una anomalía adicional a 115K, ya reportada anteriormente en medidas magnéticas, asociadas a una nueva transición debida a la interacción magnetoeléctrica.