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Terapia cupacional Assistida por Cães para Criança no Transtorno do Espectro Autista: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-13) Reis, Laís Vigatto dos; Figueiredo, Mirela de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3660487766535040; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7541632859518248
Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) involves the incorporation of a animal trained in therapy sessions to assist in the treatment of people with varied diagnoses, highlighting Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Occupational Therapy has practiced Canine-Assisted Therapy for children on ASD, which present demands for communication, language, social relationships and changes sensory, which can impact participation in activities of daily living (ADL's). The literature indicates that Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy (CAOT), favors the engagement of children. Despite the increase in the practice of TAA with the dog as a therapy animal, there are still gaps in scientific knowledge regarding the effectiveness proven through controlled and randomized studies, specifically in the Brazil on Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy. Objective: Evaluate and describe functional problems for the occupational performance of a child on ASD, develop and implement an Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy plan (CAOT) for this child, reassess the child and describe changes in occupational performance after completing 11 CAOT sessions, describe the activities carried out and how the dog was incorporated to promote achievement of therapeutic objectives. Methodology: Case study, of a qualitative and exploratory nature involving a child on ASD, attended at the Health Unit School (USE) of the Federal University of São Carlos. Data collection was done using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure pre- and post-intervention and observation of the child's reactions. The data obtained was analyzed quantitatively and compared pre- and post-intervention scores. Results: When comparing the pre- and post-intervention results, a clinically significant change was observed, highlighting improvements mainly in skills cognitive aspects of attention, concentration, motivation, autonomy, independence, increased verbal communication and improved anxiety. The presence of the dog was a crucial factor in encouraging the child to interact with the therapist and carry out the activities. Discussion: The effectiveness of Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy is based on the theory of biophilia, social support and positive effects on the neuroendocrine system. Conclusion: Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy proved to be beneficial for the child on ASD in this study, with the dog being a motivator for the child's engagement and improving their occupational performance in ADL's and communication.
Desempenho Ocupacional de uma criança no Transtorno do Espectro Autista após Terapia Ocupacional Assistida por Cães
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-13) Escovar, Bruna Priscila; Figueiredo, Mirela de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3660487766535040; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2262527492240193
Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) involves the incorporation of a animal in a therapeutic treatment planned and supervised by a health professional health, such as occupational therapists. TAA includes assessing the needs of the assisted person, definition of objectives, incorporation of the animal in the sessions and monitoring results. In children on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the TAA with dogs has shown benefits in the development of motor skills, cognitive and psychosocial. Despite the growing international literature, there are still gaps in the definition and evidence on AAT, specifically in Brazil on Therapy Canine-Assisted Occupational. Objectives: Assess and describe problems functions that affect the occupational performance of a child with ASD, develop and implement a Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy plan for the child, reassess the child and present their reactions and changes in occupational performance after completing 11 TOAC sessions, describe the activities carried out and how the dog was incorporated to achieve therapeutic objectives. Methodology: Single case study method, with intrinsic and qualitative analysis. The participant was a 9-year-old child, diagnosed with ASD and care took place at the School Health Unit of the Federal University of São Carlos. The instruments for data collection were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and all sessions were video recorded and later reported with a description of the child's interaction with the dog and therapist, the demonstration of components of occupational performance and engagement during the activity and positive social and emotional behaviors. Result: Comparing pre- and post-intervention results a clinically significant change was observed in the performance of functional problems identified in attention/concentration, pencil grip, scissor grip and activities of daily living involving shoelaces. Based on the child's reactions, engagement in the activities was identified, with the child motivated by the presence of the dog to carry out the activities perseveringly even in the face of difficulty. Discussion: Literature indicates benefits of this type of therapy for children with ASD based on the theory of human-animal interaction (IAH), which suggests that human beings have a natural tendency to form bonds with animals. Conclusion: The proposal for Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy in this study proved to be beneficial for the child, but as it is a case study it contains limitations, requiring new studies to validate a protocol.