Incidência da ferrugem do eucalipto (Eucalyptus urograndis) em diferentes arranjos agroflorestais

Abstract

Considered one of the main eucalyptus diseases, rust (Puccinia psidii) can cause serious damage to the crop if adequate management strategies are not implemented. In general, there is eucalyptus monoculture, with important epidemiological implications, given the fact that the spatio-temporal dynamics of the disease is affected by the distribution of the culture in the field. There is no information in the literature about the development of rust in consortium condition, such as in an agroforestry system. The aim of this study was to compare the rust progress in eucalyptus intercropped with different species, under natural infection conditions. The experiment consisted of three treatments, arranged completely randomly in space. In each treatment the eucalyptus was planted with two different species, namely: T1 - Australian Cedar (Toona ciliata) + Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis) + Banana (Musa acuminata); T2 - consortium Amora (Morus celtidifolia) + Eucalyptus + Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes), and T3 - African Mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) + Eucalyptus + Banana. Each treatment had six repetitions, totaling 18 plots of 9 m2 (2 m x 4.5 m), arranged in alleys. Plant height and diameter, disease incidence and severity were analyzed every fifteen days. The data were collected in two different moments: pre-pruning that was in the period from 08/17/2018 to 09/01/2019 and post-pruning that occurred from 17/04/2019 to 08/13/2019. We used ANOVA followed by the Tukey test, to evaluate differences among treatments. Eucalyptus presented better development in height and diameter in the T2 treatment. The intensity of disease was also significantly lower in T2, both in incidence and severity. The results suggested that the eucalyptus planted in consortium with Amora + Eucalyptus + Pupunha provided less rust intensity.