Representação da mulher nas ciências nos livros didáticos de ciências da década de 1960 até 2010.

Abstract

The construction of modern science was historically established as a male activity through the exclusion of women from women in the field of science. The most expressive female return to the scientific scene is relatively recent, largely associated with movements organized by women. The second and third wave of feminism in Brazil and in the world from the 1960s onwards put in check the traditional socially constructed gender hierarchy and more women entered universities and contributed to intellectual productions. Despite this, the social image of science remained strongly marked as a male activity, and the scientist represented in the media (and in the imaginary) with the stereotype of a man (white, with glasses, with superior intelligence and always wearing a lab coat). Science Textbooks, used by young people who are starting to build their knowledge about Science, can be an important vehicle for discussing this stereotype, expanding the image of scientist (and science) beyond this hegemonic vision. This work aimed to analyze, over the course of a few decades, which image of the woman scientist / in the sciences presented in the Science Textbooks. Numerical surveys of the citations of women and men in the sciences (textual and imagery citations) were carried out and an iconographic analysis of the images of the female scientists was made in science textbooks of the ninth grade. Twenty-five books from the 1960s to 2018 were analyzed from the main Brazilian textbook publishers. Nowadays, more than 50 years after the feminist wave that took more women to universities, it is possible to find women in science in science textbooks, but they are still rarely mentioned, with hegemony of male representation. The 21st century textbooks maintain the same conception of male science, which reproduces the historical exclusions of women.