Biologia, África e identidades sociais: a representação produzida pelos discursos sobre genética e evolução em livros didáticos
Abstract
In this research I investigated how the genetics and evolution discourses was affect by
the legal apparatus of 10.639/2003 law and National Curricular Guidelines for Education of
Ethnic-Racial Relations and for History Teaching and Afro-Brazilian and African Culture
(DCNERER - initials in portuguese). The objective was study the school genetics and
evolution discourses, in the context of discussions about the curriculum as representation and
its (possible) transformations because of the demand for more justice within racial relations.
To do thar I examined the african continent representation and “race”, “ethnicity” and skin
color representations in the genetics and evolution discourses in Biology textbooks. Gathering
together some elements of the curricular area – especially the Michael Apple, Henry Giroux
and Tomás Tadeu da Silva’s contributions –, of Cultural Studies – especially Stuart Hall’s
contributions – and of education of ethnic-racial relations – especially Nilma Lino Gomes’s
contributions -, I did an analysis of genetics and evolution discourses with the articulation of
content analysis, propose by Bardin (2011) conjugated with discourse analysis systematized
by Orlandi (2015). From Cultural Studies poststructuralism perspective concepts, as
representation, identity and difference, I examined how this discourses produces meanings
about Africa, skin color, “race” and “ethnicity”; to discuss how the representation was affect
over time by DCNERER; and how the representations can contribute for education of ethnicracial
relations. In this research, I adopted a social constructivism perspective about culture e
representation, as Hall (2016), where representation is a practice, a work, an action and not a
reflect of the real. In this perspective, identity and difference are culture facts, makes in the
social relations and not natural facts. Then, I found that the genetics and evolution discourses
produce racialized representations regimes, compose by stereotypes about de african continent
and by the objectivization the social identity. The genetics and evolution discourses produce
the homogenous, primitive and wild Africa representation, oppositional with a civilized
Europe. Furthermore, the “race”, “ethnicity” and skin color ideas are produced as biology
facts that mark the natural difference, removing its of its social contexts of identity produce.
This regime was move after the DCNERER, however don’t show in full that proposed for
guidelines, was privileged cosmetic and descontextualized changes, that don’t came back your
attention for the power structures that produce and keep the racism in society.
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