A formação da vontade democrática como princípio educativo : uma análise a partir do pensamento de Jürgen Habermas
Abstract
This thesis addresses the democratic will-formation as an educational principle from
Habermas’s philosophy. The theoretical and exploratory path followed by Habermas shows the
theoretical feasibility of the proposition that underpins the thesis. Therefore, we present the law
category as intermediation between the system and the world of life. The building of opinion
and will-formation is rooted in the democratic procedure of discursive law that underlies the
communicative freedom process. This is explained by the mediating processes of social
communications, in which free citizens, committed to the political and public will-formation,
are involved. Habermas proposes the formation of a modern society from the idea of a theory
of the social communication of law, as an analysis of democratic and educational practices. In
Habermas’s “Communicative acting theory”, published in 1981, the category "system" is
characterized by an action of the strategic-instrumental type and the category "world of life",
by the symbolic, intuitive and reconstructive production, in which the law plays a crucial role
in social integration. In his work “Law and democracy: between facticity and validity”, written
in 1992, discursive law constitutes a possibility of intermediation between the system and the
world of life, as it works as an integrating element of the democratic society. The
communication of a social freedom between citizens willing to act without coercion is an
alternative to a free and emancipatory formation in education. Deliberative politics is legitimate
in the discursive law, which is grounded on a broad process of democratic will-formation, which
is dealt here as an educational principle mandatory for democratic societies establishing.