Catarse e educação: contribuições de Gramsci e o significado da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica

Abstract

This dissertation deals with the concept of catharsis in the work of Antonio Gramsci and the incorporation and the meaning of the catharsis in Historical-Critical Pedagogy. Divided into five parts, in the first chapter are presented the main concepts of the thought of Antonio Gramsci necessary to the understanding of catharsis in this intellectual work. The second chapter begins with the etymology of the term catharsis and then is deepened the meaning that catharsis reaches in Gramsci's work. The third chapter gives an historical overview of the emergence of Historical-Critical Pedagogy, and presents the main concepts of this pedagogical perspective as well as the relationship established with the dialectical historical materialism. The following is a chapter devoted to identifying the meaning of catharsis in the Historical- Critical Pedagogy and the relationship with the totality of this theoretical and methodological elaboration. The last chapter is devoted to the relationship between the concept of catharsis in Antonio Gramsci and the concept of catharsis in PHC, advocating a continuation and advancement in the elaboration of the catharsis in PHC in relation to Gramsci's work. It is stated that both Antonio Gramsci work, as the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, the catharsis occupies a central place. In Gramsci the catharsis indicates the passage from the economic moment to the ethical-political moment, in other words, from the upper elaboration of structure to superstructure in the conscience of men, from the objective to the subjective and from need to freedom, as a movement of dialectical overcoming required to the production of a new hegemony by the subaltern classes. For the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, based on Gramsci, the catharsis is a fundamental pedagogical category, because for throught this process the subalternal classes can advance on qualitative transformation of the insertion of individuals and groups in a struggle for radical change in social reality. Therefore, the catharsis on Historical-Critical Pedagogy is the culmination point of the educational process; refers to the moment when cultural instruments historically produced by humanity are embedded in the students lives and are transformed into tools of the struggle to build a classless society. Indeed, the Gramscian sense of catharsis is the starting point for the cathartic moment in oriented educational practice in the historical-critical perspective, and it is central to the struggle for the lower classes hegemony in terms posed by Gramsci.