História em quadrinhos e Ensino de biologia: processos criativos, transdisciplinaridade e divulgação científica

Abstract

This research is part of the field of Science Education research and was developed in the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of São Carlos – Sorocaba campus (PPGEd-So). The problem that guides the development of this work is based on the following question: Can the creative process of comic aimed at scientific dissemination configure a space for the construction of knowledge for teacher training in biological sciences? The importance of investigating this question is given in the perspective of seeking other ways of constructing knowledge based on postures that provide a less simplistic and fragmented vision, aiming at a teaching that encompasses a grouping of other knowledge and other scenarios, incorporates different areas of knowledge, the multidimensionality that consists of reality and individuals, considering other forms of expression of scientific knowledge, in this case, an artistic and communicational language. The research aims to investigate scientific and artistic knowledge mobilized in the creative process of comic aimed at scientific dissemination and that results in knowledge necessary for teacher training in biological sciences. To meet this objective, the study was structured from a qualitative perspective and used the creation of comics, documents from the creative process (drafts, outlines, scripts, final product) and interviews as data collection instruments. The comics were analyzed using Peircean semiotics, and the analysis of the creative processes (interviews and documents) was carried out using the Morphological Approach of the Creative Movement. The theoretical basis for the theme of knowledge construction was based on Complex Thinking, with its development in Transdisciplinarity, supported by Edgar Morin's studies on Complexity; Semiotics was used to support the analysis of the comics, and the Creative Movement Approach developed by Cecília Salles (1998) was used to analyze the documents. The results achieved with the data production suggest that the undergraduate students mobilized knowledge about art and biological sciences, considering the following points: (a) tension caused by human actions that generated disastrous consequences for animals and nature; (b) use of metaphorical constructions based on biological codes to provide information about the human organism, especially the immune system, and how it has a biological ecosystem inhabited by living beings; (c) learning about digital technologies for drawing, coloring and their handling to assist in the creation of comics; It was also found that the artistic strategies used in creation are not pre-chosen and defined by the author/creator, but are generally discovered throughout the creation process. It can be considered that the mobilization of both scientific and artistic knowledge is related to the manifestation of the complex relationships that exist in humans, from human to human, from human to the environment, and of the environment itself; Human beings and nature are connected in a tangle of relationships. Thus, the importance of educating based on the knowledge necessary for teacher training.