Panorama das classes hospitalares brasileiras : formação e atuação docente, organização e funcionamento

Abstract

The hospital class is considered an educational service to the scholar in health treatment, which is of great importance to the students. In this way, the main objective of the present work was to describe the training and teaching activities, organization and operation of the hospital classes at national level. The specific objectives were to identify the different specificities of the public served in hospital classes, to characterize the professional profile that operates in the hospital classes, describe the hospital class service in Brazil based on the census data and to verify how many public students of Special Education were served by this service. In order to contemplate the objectives of the present research, two studies were carried out: Context of Hospital Classes in Brazil (Study 1 - census data) and Hospital Classes (Study 2 - teacher training, organization and operation). It was considered necessary to inquire about the subject in question taking into account the lack of similar research, since the last similar study occurred in 2002. For the accomplishment of the Study 1, census data (of 2013 and 2015) were used to characterize the profile of the hospital educational attendance classes and the public with educational needs served. For study 2, field studies were conducted with the use of survey technique, through an online questionnaire for teachers who work in hospital environments that offer educational services. To search participants, the research was disclosed in the Facebook group “Class/Hospital School” and in WhatsApp group. These groups bring together teachers who work in hospital environments across the country. The questionnaire was also sent to researchers and managers of hospital environments, seeking to cover as many participants as possible. For data analysis, quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. The quantitative analysis was performed through table elaboration, indicating percentage. The qualitative analysis was based on results obtained from the open questions of the questionnaire through thematic axis grouping. The census data from Study 1 showed a wide variety of number of hospital groups and public served, comparing the years of 2013 and 2015. Study 2 data pointed out different specificities that the Brazilian hospital class service presents, as well as, the daily challenges faced by teachers. Despite this service does not have recent national legislations and still needs changes in order to guide its organization, achieve greater visibility and reflect on the training of professionals working in this service, most of the teachers show satisfaction in how the hospital class in which work is organized. Therefore, despite the obstacles that still need to be overcome, this service has been gaining more and more important spaces.