Serendipity prospecção semântica de dados qualitativos em Educação Especial
Resumo
In the past decades, there has been a revolution in the way science has been
conducted. The current context has demanded more collaborative work such as,
studies in research networks of large scale. One of the many essential marks of
change in this new way of making science has been the intense usage of Information
and Communication Technologies (ICT), or “eScience”. Nowadays, it plays a
fundamental role in the methodology adopted by many research groups around the
world. Analyses of the qualitative data evidenced in researches about Special
Education were done then. The biggest challenge that was noticed would be to
advance in the analysis of qualitative data using information technologies without
losing the subjectivity involved in the research and to broaden the capability of going
over the data without losing the right to come and go, the right to critique and
establish proper reflexions, respecting subjective positioning and, above all,
maintaining the research's critic criteria. In this sense, this work establishes as its
main objective to evaluate the proposed technological architecture of qualitative
analyses of data. This analysis was based upon data mining theories, researches in
ontology and techniques of semantic notation in the field of special education aiming
to analyze the thresholds and possibilities this methodological approach permits. We
used as methodology the construction of a prototype, named Serendipity, based on
the perspective of software engineering, in order to extract the main techniques that
could set as a safe method for design, implementation and deployment of the
solution. Cyclically, the methodology allowed us to modify requirements and establish
improvements, allowing the feedback process from new analyses. The text mining
process relied on gaining knowledge from textual databases that have little or no
data structure. The computational ontology was the element able to reconstruct the
syntactic representation, giving it direction. The words (data) are related and are set
within a context of formal knowledge, providing them with a semantic and cognitive
ability, building concepts, open to interpretation, comprehension and common
understanding; as a result, we built up a specific ontology for Special Education. The
semantic annotation helped attach content to the text to describe their semantics,
allowing that software agents could retrieve information in a more precise manner
through the association of the document to the ontology in a conception of semantic
fields. We built a customized dictionary for special education to relate terms to
synonyms and expressions associated with the ontology. To view beyond the
semantic classes, we used automatic concept maps to establish relationships
between concepts included in a hierarchical structure of propositions. Finally, to
assess the proposal, we made use of part of the data collected from the National
Observatory of Special Education in transcribed texts about the formation of five
cities, one from each region of Brazil. The results show limits already recognized in
the proposal and; in this respect, did not aim to establish a subjective and deep
analysis that would permit extreme precision results. It points out that the researcher
is and will always be the driving factor that operates the process’ flow and relying, or
not, on computing tools is not entirely immune to err. The proposal of serendipity has
given a step forward in the automatic process of data analysis and can be used in big
data without losing the subjectivity of the researcher. However, we must add new
human and technological resources to contribute to its improvement and encourage
other areas to develop domain ontologies with their experts and the development of
specific dictionaries. Therefore, despite its limitations, the approach has shown
significant advances in semantic exploration of qualitative data in the Special Education field and it is capable of being adapted to other areas and fields of
knowledge.